Membranes with special wettability have attracted increasing interest for oil/water separation. Herein, the cellulose-based nanofibrous membrane was fabricated in an aqueous system by an electrospinning technique. The membrane was then modified successively through coating polydopamine and polyethyleneimine on the surface, which endowed the membrane with superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic character. The composition and morphology of the resultant membrane were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscope, respectively. Surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions were used to evaluate the separation performance of the membrane at different pH values. It was found that the membrane displayed the excellent antifouling property and separation performance for all different emulsions, with separation efficiency above 99.1% due to the development of a hydration layer underwater on the membrane surface. The reusability study indicated that the modification coating was stable enough to effectively separate emulsions after recycling at least 20 times. The developed nanofibrous membrane, as well as the corresponding modification strategy, enriched the application of membranes with special wettability in the field of oil spills and oily wastewater treatments.

具有特殊润湿性的膜已引起人们对油/水分离的越来越多的关注。在此，纤维素基纳米纤维膜通过静电纺丝技术在水性体系中制造。然后通过在表面上涂覆聚多巴胺和聚乙烯亚胺对膜进行连续修饰，赋予膜超亲水性和水下超疏油性。分别通过衰减的全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱，X射线光电子能谱和场发射扫描电子显微镜表征所得膜的组成和形态。表面活性剂稳定的水包油乳液用于评估膜在不同pH值下的分离性能。发现该膜对所有不同的乳液显示出优异的防污性能和分离性能，由于在膜表面上水下水化层的发展，分离效率高于99.1％。可重复使用性研究表明，改性涂层足够稳定，足以在至少循环20次后有效分离乳液。所开发的纳米纤维膜以及相应的改性策略丰富了具有特殊润湿性的膜在溢油和含油废水处理领域的应用。可重复使用性研究表明，改性涂层足够稳定，足以在至少循环20次后有效分离乳液。所开发的纳米纤维膜及其相应的改性策略丰富了具有特殊润湿性的膜在溢油和含油废水处理领域的应用。可重复使用性研究表明，改性涂层足够稳定，足以在至少循环20次后有效分离乳液。所开发的纳米纤维膜及其相应的改性策略丰富了具有特殊润湿性的膜在溢油和含油废水处理领域的应用。