This paper analyses for the first time the impact of new GPS signals on positioning accuracy for dynamic urban applications, taking bus operations as an example. The performance assessment addresses both code measurement precision and positioning accuracy. The former is based on signal-to-noise ratio and estimation of multipath and noise by a combination of code and carrier phase measurements. The impact on positioning accuracy is derived by comparing the performance achievable with the conventional single frequency GPS only positioning both relative to reference trajectories from the integration of carrier phase measurements with data from a high grade inertial measurement unit. The results show that L5 code measurements have the highest precision, followed by L1 C/A and L2C. In the positioning domain, there is a significant improvement in two-dimensional and three-dimensional accuracy from dual frequency code measurements over the single frequency measurements, of 39% and 48% respectively, enabling more bus operation services to be supported.

中文翻译：

---

新 GPS 信号对城市公交运营定位精度的影响

本文以公交运营为例，首次分析了新 GPS 信号对动态城市应用定位精度的影响。性能评估涉及代码测量精度和定位精度。前者基于信噪比以及通过代码和载波相位测量相结合的多径和噪声估计。通过将载波相位测量与来自高级惯性测量单元的数据的集成，比较相对于参考轨迹的传统单频 GPS 仅定位可实现的性能，从而得出对定位精度的影响。结果表明，L5 码测量精度最高，其次是 L1 C/A 和 L2C。在定位领域，