1. Tall goldenrod plants Solidago altissima appear to eavesdrop on the communication of a specialist gall‐inducing fly Eurosta solidaginis by detecting the volatile emissions of male flies and priming anti‐herbivore defences. However, the effects of defence priming on fly fitness have not previously been demonstrated, despite some evidence that female flies avoid ovipositing on primed plants in the field.
2. To explore how priming affects female preferences and galling success, we manipulated exposure to the priming cue in multiple genotypes of S. altissima and assessed rates of oviposition and gall development.
3. Priming reduced gall formation overall; however, its effect varied across plant genotypes, as well as by the age of the male flies used for priming, possibly reflecting dosage effects (older flies produce lower emissions). Priming by younger males significantly reduced galling success, while priming by older males slightly improved it. Remarkably, female flies accurately assessed host‐plant quality by avoiding plants primed by young males while preferring those primed by older males.
4. Synthesis. Our results suggest that defence priming in S. altissima in response to the volatile emissions of E. solidaginis males does affect fly fitness; however, the effect of priming varied by plant genotype, suggesting that there may be variation in defensive strategies against the fly. Female flies have, in response to this defence, evolved a sophisticated ability to evaluate the quality of primed plants.

中文翻译：

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感官共同进化：蝇fly的性吸引引诱植物防御，但雌蝇认识到宿主植物品质的变化。

1. 高大的菊科植物Solidago altissima似乎通过侦查雄蝇的挥发性排放物和启动抗草食动物防御而窃听了专门引起胆汁的欧洲fly蝇的传播。然而，尽管有证据表明，雌蝇避免在田间的发芽植物上产卵，但防御引物对果蝇适应性的影响尚未得到证实。
2. 为了探讨启动如何影响女性的喜好和成功磨损，我们操纵了多种基因型拟南芥的暴露于启动提示的程度，并评估了产卵和胆汁发育的速率。
3. 灌注可减少整体胆汁形成；然而，其影响因植物基因型而异，并且随用于引发的雄性果蝇的年龄而异，可能反映了剂量效应（老果蝇产生的排放量较低）。较年轻的雄性启动显着降低了咬伤的成功率，而较年长的雄性进行启动则略有改善。值得注意的是，雌蝇通过避免年轻雄性引发的植物而偏爱年龄较大雄性引发的植物，从而准确地评估了宿主植物的质量。
4. 综合。我们的研究结果表明，针对沙门氏菌雄性动物挥发性排放物的S. altissima防御启动确实会影响果蝇的适应性。然而，引发的效果因植物基因型而异，这表明针对果蝇的防御策略可能有所不同。为了应对这种防御，雌蝇已经进化出了一种先进的能力，可以评估初免植物的质量。