Archaea play an important role in marine biogeochemical cycle; however, their phylogenetic distribution and lipid composition in the hadal zone (6–11 km water depth) are poorly known. Here, we analyzed archaeal membrane lipids and 16S rRNA gene sequences in sediments from Mariana Trench (MT), Massau Trench (MS), and New Britain Trench (NBT), varying from 1,560 to 10,840 m depth. Forty‐two intact polar lipids (IPLs) were identified, including glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), OH‐GDGTs, glycerol dialkyl diethers (GDDs), and archaeol (AR) with polar headgroups of monohexose (1G), dihexose (2G), trihexose (3G), and hexose‐phosphohexose (HPH). Compositional and spatial distribution patterns of archaeal lipids suggest benthic Thaumarchaeota as a major source for IPLs, consistent with the predominance of Thaumarchaeota genes (>80%). The redundancy analysis (RDA) based on lipid and 16S rRNA data separates samples into three groups: extremely deep water (MT), significant terrestrial influence (NBT 1, 4, and 6), and predominant marine influence (MS, NBT 2, 3, 7, and 10). 1G‐GDDs and 1G‐AR positively correlate with water depth, likely reflecting the adaptation of benthic archaea to elevated hydrostatic pressure or variation of archaeal community in trench sediments. Bathyarchaeota are more abundant in sediments receiving terrestrial input; this pattern was attributed to their capability of utilizing terrestrial organic matter as an energy source. Our study highlights important environmental influences (e.g., pressure and organic matter quality and quantity) on benthic archaeal community and archaeal IPL compositions, which should be considered when IPLs and core lipids are applied as chemotaxonomic markers and paleo‐proxies.

中文翻译：

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与最深海古细菌群落和环境条件有关的海沟沉积物中完整的醚脂质

古细菌在海洋生物地球化学循环中起着重要作用。但是，人们对它们在旱区（水深6-11 km）的系统发育分布和脂质成分知之甚少。在这里，我们分析了马里亚纳海沟（MT），马绍海沟（MS）和新不列颠海沟（NBT）沉积物中沉积的古细菌膜脂质和16S rRNA基因序列，其深度为1,560至10,840 m。鉴定出了42个完整的极性脂质（IPL），包括甘油二烷基甘油四醚（GDGT），OH-GDGT，甘油二烷基二醚（GDD）和具有单端己糖（1G），二己糖（2G）极性头基的古生酚（AR）。 ，三己糖（3G）和己糖-磷酸己糖（HPH）。古细菌脂质的组成和空间分布模式表明底栖的伞菌为IPL的主要来源，与伞菌基因的优势一致（> 80％）。基于脂质和16S rRNA数据的冗余分析（RDA）将样品分为三类：极深水（MT），明显的陆地影响（NBT 1、4和6）和主要的海洋影响（MS，NBT 2、3 ，7和10）。1G‐GDDs和1G‐AR与水深呈正相关，可能反映了底栖古细菌对静水压力升高的适应或沟槽沉积物中古细菌群落的变化。底栖生物在接受地面输入的沉积物中更为丰富。这种模式归因于他们利用陆地有机物作为能源的能力。我们的研究强调了对底栖古细菌群落和古细菌IPL成分的重要环境影响（例如，压力和有机物质的质量和数量），