Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast tumor lacking hormone receptors expression and HER2 gene amplification and represents 24 % of newly diagnosed breast neoplasms. In this review, pathological aspects of triple-negative breast cancer are illustrated, with particular attention to the seminal studies that defined this subtype of breast cancer by a molecular point of view. This paper also focuses on practical issues raised in clinical routine by the introduction of genetic expression breast cancer profiling and the innovative prognostic and predictive impact on triple-negative breast cancer pathology. Moreover, histopathological aspects of triple-negative neoplasms are also mentioned, underlying the importance of histologic diagnosis of particular cancer subtypes with decisive impact on clinical outcome. Importantly, focus on new therapeutic frontier represented by immunotherapy is illustrated, with particular mention of immune checkpoint inhibitors introduction in TNBC therapy and their impact on future treatments.

三阴性乳腺癌 (TNBC) 是一种缺乏激素受体表达和 HER2 基因扩增的乳腺肿瘤亚型，占新诊断乳腺肿瘤的 24%。在这篇综述中，阐述了三阴性乳腺癌的病理学方面，特别关注了从分子角度定义这种乳腺癌亚型的开创性研究。本文还侧重于通过引入基因表达乳腺癌分析以及对三阴性乳腺癌病理学的创新预后和预测影响而在临床常规中提出的实际问题。此外，还提到了三阴性肿瘤的组织病理学方面，这表明特定癌症亚型的组织学诊断对临床结果具有决定性影响的重要性。重要的，