The ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) is located in the walls of the lateral ventricles and produces new neurons in the postnatal brain of mammals, including humans. Immature new neurons called “neuroblasts” generated by neural stem cells in the V-SVZ migrate toward their final destinations and contribute to brain development and plasticity. In this review, we describe recent progress in understanding the similarities and dissimilarities in postnatal neurogenesis and neuronal migration between rodents and primates. In rodents, most new V-SVZ-derived neurons migrate along the rostral migratory stream towards the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into interneurons. In contrast, in humans, the extensive migration of new neurons towards the neocortex continues for several months after birth and might be involved in the development of the expanded neocortex. The mode of migration and the fate of neuroblasts seem to change depending on their environment, destination, and roles in the brain. A better understanding of these similarities and differences between rodents and primates will help translate important findings from animal models and may contribute to the development of clinical strategies for brain repair.

心室-脑室下区 (V-SVZ) 位于侧脑室壁中，在哺乳动物（包括人类）的出生后大脑中产生新的神经元。由 V-SVZ 中的神经干细胞产生的称为“神经母细胞”的未成熟新神经元迁移到它们的最终目的地，并有助于大脑发育和可塑性。在这篇综述中，我们描述了最近在理解啮齿动物和灵长类动物之间出生后神经发生和神经元迁移的相似性和不同性方面的进展。在啮齿类动物中，大多数新的 V-SVZ 衍生神经元沿着喙迁移流向嗅球迁移，在那里它们分化为中间神经元。相比之下，在人类中，新神经元向新皮层的大量迁移在出生后持续数月，并且可能参与扩展的新皮层的发育。神经母细胞的迁移模式和命运似乎会根据它们的环境、目的地和在大脑中的作用而改变。更好地了解啮齿类动物和灵长类动物之间的这些异同将有助于转化动物模型的重要发现，并可能有助于制定大脑修复临床策略。