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Cannabidiol-enriched hemp essential oil obtained by an optimized microwave-assisted extraction using a central composite design
Industrial Crops and Products ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112688
Dennis Fiorini , Serena Scortichini , Giulia Bonacucina , Nicolas G. Greco , Eugenia Mazzara , Riccardo Petrelli , Jacopo Torresi , Filippo Maggi , Marco Cespi

The increase of cultivation of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) all over the world offers new opportunities for the industry to manufacture innovative products from this multipurpose crop. In this regard, the hemp essential oil represents a niche product with potential interest for the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and agrochemical companies. On this basis, in the present work we used the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to get an essential oil enriched in bioactive compounds, especially cannabidiol (CBD), from the dry inflorescences of the Italian variety CS (Carmagnola Selezionata). For this purpose, the operative conditions to increase the essential oil yield and CBD concentration in terms of microwave irradiation power (W/g), extraction time (min) and water added to the plant matrix after moistening (%), were optimized using a central composite design (CCD) approach using a Milestone ETHOS X device. The conventional hydrodistillation (HD) performed for 240 min was used for comparative purposes. The qualitative compositions of essential oils obtained by MAE and HD were analysed by GC-MS, whereas the quantitative detection of CBD and main terpenoids (α-pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, limonene, terpinolene, (E)-caryophyllene, α-humulene and caryophyllene oxide) was achieved by GC-FID. Furthermore, the enantiomeric distribution of the chiral constituents (α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, (E)-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide) was determined using chiral chromatography. Results showed that the MAE treatment, using high irradiation power and relatively long extraction times, increased significantly the content of CBD in the essential oil while maintaining high oil yield values when compared with conventional HD. The enantiomeric excess of three chiral monoterpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene and limonene) was determined, with the (+)-enantiomers being predominant, whereas (E)-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide were enantiomerically pure. In conclusion, the MAE was successfully applied to hemp dry inflorescences in order to obtain a CBD-rich essential oil which may be exploited in several industrial applications.



中文翻译:

通过使用中央复合设计优化的微波辅助萃取获得的富含大麻二酚的大麻精油

增加工业大麻的种植(大麻)L.)遍及全球,为行业提供了从这种多用途作物生产创新产品的新机会。在这方面,大麻精油代表了利基产品,对制药,营养保健,药妆和农业化学公司具有潜在的兴趣。在此基础上,在目前的工作中,我们使用了微波辅助提取(MAE),从意大利CS(Carmagnola Selezionata)的干燥花序中得到了富含生物活性化合物,尤其是大麻二酚(CBD)的香精油。为此目的,以微波辐射功率(W / g),提取时间(min)和润湿后加到植物基质中的水(%)为基础提高精油产量和CBD浓度的操作条件,使用Milestone ETHOS X设备使用中央复合设计(CCD)方法进行了优化。为了进行比较,使用进行了240分钟的常规加氢蒸馏(HD)。MAE和HD获得的精油的定性组成通过GC-MS分析,而CBD和主要萜类化合物(α-pen烯,β-pine烯,月桂烯,柠檬烯,萜品油,通过GC-FID获得E)-石竹烯,α-枯草烯和石竹烯氧化物。此外,使用手性色谱法确定手性成分(α- pine烯,β- pine烯,li烯,(E)-石竹烯和石竹烯氧化物)的对映体分布。结果表明,与传统的HD相比,MAE处理具有较高的照射功率和较长的提取时间,可显着提高精油中CBD的含量,同时保持较高的出油率。确定了三个手性单萜(α-pine烯,β-pine烯和li烯)的对映体过量,其中(+)-对映体占主导,而(E)-石竹烯和石竹烯氧化物是对映体纯的。总之,MAE已成功应用于大麻干花序,以获得富含CBD的精油,可在多种工业应用中使用。

更新日期:2020-06-15
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