Abstract Real fire incidents have shown that the structural systems of high-rise buildings perform much better during a fire attack than what classical structural fire analysis predicts. The reason behind this phenomenon is the empirically established fact that beneficial interaction mechanisms evolve between the fire-exposed and the fire-unexposed parts of structural systems. However, there is no computational method available to reliably quantify such interaction mechanisms for design purposes. Pure numerical methods are too uncertain, because they cannot be validated, and isolated structural member testing does not allow considering the interaction. Hybrid fire testing, however, can precisely fill this fundamental methodological gap when set up as an extended finite-element analysis technique. Here, we provide the first computationally rigorous method for hybrid fire testing. We have validated the novel method with several proof-of-concept tests covering the entire temperature-range relevant for structural fire engineering. In contrast to other approaches, only our method can deal, so far, at the same time suitably, accurately and robustly with the experimental and computational challenges of temperature-dependent material behavior. We therefore place hybrid fire testing on a sound scientific basis enabling existing fire test facilities to do more realistic (hybrid) assessments of the fire performance of structural systems.

中文翻译：

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一种计算严格的混合防火测试方法

摘要 真实的火灾事故表明，高层建筑的结构系统在火灾发生时的表现比经典的结构火灾分析预测的要好得多。这种现象背后的原因是经验确定的事实，即结构系统的暴露于火灾和未暴露于火灾的部分之间会形成有益的相互作用机制。然而，没有计算方法可用于可靠地量化这种用于设计目的的交互机制。纯数值方法不确定性太大，因为它们无法验证，并且孤立的结构构件测试不允许考虑相互作用。然而，当作为扩展的有限元分析技术建立时，混合火灾测试可以精确地填补这一基本方法论的空白。这里，我们为混合火灾测试提供了第一个计算严格的方法。我们已经通过涵盖与结构防火工程相关的整个温度范围的多项概念验证测试验证了这种新方法。与其他方法相比，到目前为止，只有我们的方法可以同时适当、准确和稳健地应对温度相关材料行为的实验和计算挑战。因此，我们在合理的科学基础上进行混合防火测试，使现有的防火测试设施能够对结构系统的防火性能进行更现实的（混合）评估。到目前为止，只有我们的方法可以同时适当、准确和稳健地应对温度相关材料行为的实验和计算挑战。因此，我们在合理的科学基础上进行混合防火测试，使现有的防火测试设施能够对结构系统的防火性能进行更现实的（混合）评估。到目前为止，只有我们的方法可以同时适当、准确和稳健地应对温度相关材料行为的实验和计算挑战。因此，我们在合理的科学基础上进行混合防火测试，使现有的防火测试设施能够对结构系统的防火性能进行更现实的（混合）评估。