Abstract Ice blasting with explosives before the spring breakup of river sections is a preventive measure for ice flooding. Based on 496 datasets on ice cover blasting with No. 2 emulsion rock explosives measured in the Mohe reach of the Heilongjiang River from 2015 to 2018, we analyzed the relationships between the blasting-crater diameter and water depth below the ice and between the blasting-crater diameter and the explosive-placement depth below the ice. Further, we analyzed the functional relationship between the explosive weight of a single blast hole and the blasting-crater diameter. Based on the above analysis we proposed an equation to calculate the minimum blasting cost for the same blasting effect. Using a 5-km section of the Heilongjiang River as an example, the proposed optimization method can save ~46% of the total blasting cost while achieving the same blasting effect. Through prototype observations of the Longdao Wharf and the Shengdan Village sections of the Mohe reach, Heilongjiang River, we confirmed that ice blasting can significantly accelerate the melting of ice. Moreover, data records showed that no significant ice-jam flooding has occurred in this section of the Heilongjiang River during the spring ice breakup period in the past five years of consecutive blasting.

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用于缓解冰淹的河冰爆破和炸药重量优化：案例研究

摘要 河段春季开裂前用炸药爆冰是预防冰涝的一种措施。基于2015—2018年黑龙江漠河段2号乳化岩爆破冰盖爆破数据496个数据集，分析了爆破坑直径与冰层下水深、爆破-火山口直径和冰层下方的爆炸物放置深度。进一步分析了单个爆破孔的爆炸重量与爆破坑直径之间的函数关系。基于以上分析，我们提出了相同爆破效果下最小爆破成本的计算公式。以黑龙江5公里的一段为例，所提出的优化方法可以在达到相同爆破效果的同时节省约 46% 的总爆破成本。通过对黑龙江漠河段龙岛码头和圣丹村段的原型观测，我们证实爆冰可以显着加速冰的融化。此外，资料记录显示，在连续爆破5年的春季破冰期，黑龙江该段没有发生明显的冰塞洪水。