Synergistic effects occurring between biologically active substances are of great importance for efficient treatment of many diseases. Therefore, the aim of research was to determine impact of sodium hexametaphosphate (HEX), which is a well-known permeabilizer, on the cytotoxicity of silver ions and two types of AgNPs towards HL-60 and U-937 tumor cells. The AgNPs were synthesized in a chemical reduction method using sodium borohydride and trisodium citrate (CITAgNPS) or sodium hypophosphite and HEX (HEXAgNPs). Imaging with the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the AgNPs exhibited spherical shape and comparable size distribution. Electrophoretic mobility studies showed that the AgNPs were negatively charged. The mitochondrial and antioxidant activity as well as membrane lipid peroxidation and integrity after dose-dependent AgNP treatment were evaluated using biochemical assays. The impact of HEXAgNPs on the membrane integrity and inactivation of antioxidant enzymes of the cells was much higher than this one observed for CITAgNPs and silver ions of the same concentration. The membrane damage occurred as a result of lipid peroxidation which was induced by pure HEX and HEXAgNPs. It was also observed that HEX significantly increased cell membrane damage induced by CITAgNPs and silver ions although the cells exhibited different sensitivity to these components. Moreover, it was found that HEX can induce oxidative stress. Hence, it was revealed that HEX enhances AgNP activity when it is applied both as their stabilizer or supplement in their suspensions.

生物活性物质之间发生的协同作用对于有效治疗许多疾病非常重要。因此，研究的目的是确定众所周知的通透剂六偏磷酸钠（HEX）对银离子和两种类型的AgNP对HL-60和U-937肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性的影响。AgNPs是通过化学还原法使用硼氢化钠和柠檬酸三钠（CITAgNPS）或次磷酸钠和HEX（HEXAgNPs）合成的。使用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）进行成像显示，AgNPs呈现球形和可比的尺寸分布。电泳迁移率研究表明，AgNPs带负电。使用生化分析评估剂量依赖性AgNP处理后的线粒体和抗氧化剂活性以及膜脂质过氧化和完整性。HEXAgNPs对细胞膜完整性和抗氧化酶失活的影响远高于相同浓度的CITAgNPs和银离子所观察到的影响。膜损伤是由纯HEX和HEXAgNPs诱导的脂质过氧化作用引起的。还观察到，尽管细胞对这些成分表现出不同的敏感性，但十六进制显着增加了由CITAgNP和银离子诱导的细胞膜损伤。此外，已发现HEX可诱导氧化应激。因此，揭示了当HEX既用作其稳定剂也用作其悬浮液的补充剂时，其增强了AgNP活性。