当前位置: X-MOL 学术Her. Russ. Acad. Sci. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Russian Society in the Sociological Dimension
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences ( IF 0.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 , DOI: 10.1134/s1019331620020021
M. K. Gorshkov

Abstract The results of a comprehensive sociological diagnostic analysis of the current state and dynamics of postreform Russian society and the social consequences of post-Soviet transformations, which began almost 30 years ago, are presented. The empirical basis of this paper is the data of numerous nationwide sociological studies, carried out by the Institute of Sociology, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, at crucial stages of societal reform, including the results of the nine waves of the all-Russia monitoring project of the Russian Science Foundation, The Dynamics of the Social Transformation of Modern Russia in the Socioeconomic, Political, Sociocultural, and Ethnoreligious Contexts (2014‒2018), and their comparative analysis. The social structure of modern Russian society is considered from the viewpoint of the stratification of respondents by income, the model of which divides the country’s population into three basic groups. The largest of them is the median one, demonstrating the average standard of living in today’s Russia. As a challenge to state socioeconomic policy, the presence of a significant stratum of low-income people is recorded, including the vulnerable and lower strata of the median population group. The dynamics of the mass ideas of Russians about the causes of poverty and wealth in postreform Russian society is analyzed. The assessment of the level and quality of life of various population groups is provided considering the indicators of objective and subjective well-being/ill-being, based on Russians’ perception of current social reality. The conclusion is reached that the social results and consequences of the almost three decades of post-Soviet transformations have proved the inadequacy of the model of market reforms borrowed from the arsenal of Western theoretical thought, which is manifested, in particular, in the utmost understatement of the role of state participation in solving key socioeconomic and sociocultural problems. Hence, it is necessary to search for the answer to the question of how to improve the quality of state participation in society as a whole and in the economy in particular. It is proved that the determining factor of the inverse effect on the functioning and development of the economy is social relations; this supports the use of noneconomic, macrosocial indicators in the management process, which characterize the social condition of society in a specific historical period of its functioning and development. The analysis of social changes in Russian society is accompanied by the formulation of several postulates.

中文翻译:

社会学维度的俄罗斯社会

摘要 对改革后俄罗斯社会的现状和动态以及近 30 年前开始的后苏联转型的社会后果进行了全面的社会学诊断分析的结果。本文的实证基础是俄罗斯科学院联邦理论与应用社会学中心社会学研究所在社会改革的关键阶段进行的众多全国性社会学研究的数据,包括九次浪潮的结果。俄罗斯科学基金会全俄监测项目,现代俄罗斯在社会经济、政治、社会文化和民族宗教背景下的社会转型动力(2014-2018 年)及其比较分析。现代俄罗斯社会的社会结构是从受访者按收入分层的角度考虑的,该模型将国家人口分为三个基本群体。其中最大的是中位数,显示了当今俄罗斯的平均生活水平。作为对国家社会经济政策的挑战,记录了大量低收入人群的存在,包括弱势群体和中等人口群体的较低阶层。分析了俄罗斯改革后社会中关于贫困和财富原因的大众观念的动态。根据俄罗斯人对当前社会现实的看法,考虑了客观和主观幸福感/不适感指标,对不同人群的生活水平和质量进行了评估。得出的结论是,后苏联近三年转型的社会结果和后果证明了从西方理论思想库中借鉴的市场改革模式的不足之处,特别是表现在极度轻描淡写中。国家参与解决关键社会经济和社会文化问题的作用。因此,有必要寻找如何提高国家在整个社会尤其是经济中的参与质量的问题的答案。事实证明,对经济运行和发展产生负面影响的决定因素是社会关系;这支持在管理过程中使用非经济、宏观社会指标,它表征了社会在其运作和发展的特定历史时期内的社会状况。对俄罗斯社会社会变迁的分析伴随着几个假设的制定。
更新日期:2020-03-01
down
wechat
bug