Abstract The polygenic mineral composition of Mn crusts from Belyaevskii Volcano of the Central Basin of the Sea of Japan is determined. The crusts are found for the first time to contain rhodochrosite, manganosite, quenselite, heterolith, manganotantalite, and tungomelane in addition to the previously described todorokite, birnessite, manganite, pyrolusite, and vernadite. Among ore minerals, the breccia crusts include magnetite, titanomagnetite, hematite, pyrite, pyrrhotine, galena, monazite, cerianite, baddeleyite, and pentlandite, while fragments of manganite have silver and numerous particles of copper gold. A significant role in the formation of the mineral composition of the crust was likely played by pore waters involved in the hydrothermal process and organic matter (OM) of the Miocene–Quaternary siliceous–argillaceous strata, which served as the source of many rare and noble metals and affected the redox conditions of mineral formation.

中文翻译：

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别利亚耶夫斯基火山（日本海）锰壳的矿物成分

摘要 确定了日本海中央盆地别利亚耶夫斯基火山锰结壳的多成因矿物组成。地壳中首次发现，除了前面描述的菱锰矿、水钠锰矿、锰铁矿、软锰矿和白钨矿外，还含有菱锰矿、锰铁矿、钠锰矿、杂石、锰钽矿和钨锰矿。在矿石矿物中，角砾岩结壳有磁铁矿、钛磁铁矿、赤铁矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、方铅矿、独居石、铈锆石、斜斜铁矿、镍黄铁矿等，而锰铁矿的碎屑有银和大量的铜金颗粒。参与热液过程的孔隙水和中新世-第四纪硅质-泥质地层的有机质（OM）可能在地壳矿物组成的形成中发挥了重要作用，