Light-induced NO release based on exogenous NO donors has attracted substantial attention in clinical applications; the induction light source usually converts near-infrared light to blue or ultraviolet light. However, the low efficiency of near-infrared light-assisted chemical light energy conversion remains a challenge, especially for NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺ photoconverting near-infrared light to ultraviolet (UV) and blue light. In this paper, a luminescence-enhanced strategy is reported by doping Ca²⁺ into NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺ and coating it with NaGdF₄ through a two-step solvothermal method. Then, UCNPs modified with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (M-β-CD) are loaded on a ruthenium nitrosyl complex [(3)Ru(NO)(Cl)] as nitric oxide release-molecules (NORMs). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) data demonstrated that Ca²⁺ was successfully doped into NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺ nanoparticles as the core, and a pure hexagonal phase, NaYF₄, was obtained from the doping of Ca²⁺. TEM revealed that the crystallinity was significantly improved after Ca²⁺ doping, and the core–shell structure was successfully synthesized, with NaGdF₄ directionally grown on the NaYF₄:Ca/Yb/Tm core. Fluorescence tests showed that, especially in the ultraviolet and blue light excitation wavelength regions, the UC emission intensity of the Ca-doped NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺@NaGdF₄ core–shell UCNPs increased by 302.95 times vs. NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺ UCNPs. Finally, the release of NO was tested by the Griess method. Under 980 nm irradiation, the cell viability distinctly decreased with increasing UCNPs@M-β-CD-NORMs concentration. This study shows that NORM release of NO is triggered by enhanced up-converted UV and blue light, which can be used for the development of UV photo-sensitive drugs.

中文翻译：

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通过Ca2 +掺杂的一氧化氮释放平台，增强了近红外敏感的上转换纳米粒子的发光强度。

基于外源NO供体的光诱导NO释放已经在临床应用中引起了广泛关注。感应光源通常将近红外光转换为蓝色或紫外光。但是，近红外光辅助化学光能转换的低效率仍然是一个挑战，特别是对于NaYF ₄：Yb ³⁺ / Tm ³⁺将近红外光转换为紫外（UV）和蓝光的情况。在本文中，报道了通过将Ca ²⁺掺入NaYF ₄：Yb ³⁺ / Tm ³⁺并用NaGdF ₄涂覆来增强发光的策略。通过两步溶剂热法。然后，将用甲基-β-环糊精（M-β-CD）修饰的UCNPs作为一氧化氮释放分子（NORMs）负载在钌亚硝酰基络合物[（3）Ru（NO）（Cl）]上。X射线衍射（XRD）和能量色散X射线光谱（EDS）数据表明，Ca ²⁺已成功掺杂到以NaYF ₄：Yb ³⁺ / Tm ³⁺纳米颗粒为核心的纯正六角形相NaYF中。由Ca ²⁺的掺杂获得₄。TEM显示，Ca ²⁺掺杂后结晶度显着提高，并且成功地合成了核-壳结构，并且在NaYF上定向生长了NaGdF ₄₄：Ca / Yb / Tm磁芯。荧光试验表明，特别是在紫外光和蓝色光激发波长区域中，钙掺杂的NaYF的UC发光强度₄：YB ³⁺ / TM ³⁺ @NaGdF ₄芯-壳UCNPs增加302.95倍VS。NaYF ₄：Yb ³⁺ / Tm ³⁺ UCNP。最后，通过Griess方法测试了NO的释放。在980 nm照射下，随着UCNPs @M-β-CD-NORMs浓度的增加，细胞活力明显降低。这项研究表明NORM释放NO是由增强的上转换UV和蓝光触发的，可用于开发UV光敏药物。