A macrophage is an important component of innate immunity which can be activated by infection. A series of inflammatory cytokines are produced and released to eliminate pathogens. CpG DNA is an immune stimulator recognized by TLR9, subsequently inducing inflammatory responses in macrophages. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a novel class of noncoding RNA, whose length is more than 200 nt, but without protein-coding capacity. lncRNAs are involved in many physiological and pathological processes, including inflammatory responses. In our study, a lncRNA microarray assay was performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in RAW264.7 cells at different time points following CpG ODN stimulation. The results revealed that expression levels of 734 lncRNAs and 734 mRNAs were altered at all time points. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biological pathway analyses were performed to predict the functions of dysregulated genes. Coexpression networks of lncRNA-mRNA were constructed based on the correlation analysis between differentially expressed lncRNAs and 10 selected upregulated mRNAs, which have been reported to be involved in CpG DNA-induced inflammatory responses. In addition, we selected 8 dysregulated lncRNAs for further validation by quantitative real-time PCR. The present study provided a systematic perspective on the potential functions of lncRNAs in CpG ODN-induced macrophage activation.

中文翻译：

---

在CpG ODN激活的巨噬细胞中差异表达的lncRNA的鉴定。

巨噬细胞是先天免疫的重要组成部分，可以被感染激活。产生并释放出一系列炎性细胞因子以消除病原体。CpG DNA是TLR9识别的免疫刺激剂，随后在巨噬细胞中诱导炎症反应。长非编码RNA（lncRNA）是一类新型的非编码RNA，其长度超过200 nt，但没有蛋白质编码能力。lncRNA参与许多生理和病理过程，包括炎症反应。在我们的研究中，进行了lncRNA微阵列分析以鉴定CpG ODN刺激后不同时间点RAW264.7细胞中差异表达的lncRNA和mRNA。结果表明，在所有时间点，734个lncRNA和734个mRNA的表达水平均发生了变化。进行了基因本体论（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）生物途径分析，以预测失调基因的功能。基于差异表达的lncRNA与10种选择的上调的mRNA之间的相关性分析，构建了lncRNA-mRNA的共表达网络，据报道它们参与了CpG DNA诱导的炎症反应。此外，我们选择了8个失调的lncRNA，以通过定量实时PCR进行进一步验证。本研究为lnpRNAs在CpG ODN诱导的巨噬细胞激活中的潜在功能提供了系统的观点。基于差异表达的lncRNA与10种选择的上调的mRNA之间的相关性分析，构建了lncRNA-mRNA的共表达网络，据报道它们参与了CpG DNA诱导的炎症反应。此外，我们选择了8个失调的lncRNA，以通过实时定量PCR进一步验证。本研究为lnpRNAs在CpG ODN诱导的巨噬细胞激活中的潜在功能提供了系统的观点。基于差异表达的lncRNA与10种选择的上调的mRNA之间的相关性分析，构建了lncRNA-mRNA的共表达网络，据报道它们参与了CpG DNA诱导的炎症反应。此外，我们选择了8个失调的lncRNA，以通过实时定量PCR进一步验证。本研究为lnpRNAs在CpG ODN诱导的巨噬细胞激活中的潜在功能提供了系统的观点。