Abstract We collected PM2.5 samples in the cities of Jinan and Baotou, North China. Concentrations of 9 heavy metals (HMs) (Cr, As, Cd, Sb, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn) and 2 persistent organic pollutants [polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, (DL-PCBs)] (POPs), were determined. The concentrations of PM2.5-bound HMs exhibited apparent seasonal characteristics in both cities. In Jinan, the highest levels of As, Cd, Sb, Pb, Cu, Zn occurred in the heating season, while, the levels of Cr, Ni, Mn peaked in the windy season. In Baotou, The order of concentrations of HMs in PM2.5 was as follows: heating season > non-heating season > windy season. In both cities, the heating season had the highest concentrations of 17 PCDD/Fs and 12 DL-PCBs. Only a small amount of them occurred in the windy season. In Baotou, ΣPCDD/Fs and ΣDL-PCBs levels were much higher than in Jinan, except in the non-heating season. The health risk of carcinogenic metal concentrations for adults was approximately twice than that for children. Notably, the Cr risk for adults slightly exceeded the critical value in Baotou.

中文翻译：

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华北两个典型工业城市PM2.5重金属及持久性有机污染物特征

摘要 我们采集了华北济南和包头市的 PM2.5 样本。9 种重金属 (HMs)（Cr、As、Cd、Sb、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mn）和 2 种持久性有机污染物 [多氯二苯并对二恶英和二苯并呋喃 (PCDD/Fs) 和类二恶英的浓度多氯联苯（DL-PCBs）]（POPs）。PM2.5结合HMs的浓度在两个城市都表现出明显的季节性特征。在济南，As、Cd、Sb、Pb、Cu、Zn 含量最高出现在采暖季，而 Cr、Ni、Mn 含量最高出现在风季。包头PM2.5中HMs的浓度顺序为：采暖季>非采暖季>风季。在这两个城市，供暖季节的浓度最高，为 17 PCDD/Fs 和 12 DL-PCBs。其中只有少量发生在多风季节。除非采暖季节外，包头的ΣPCDD/Fs和ΣDL-PCBs水平远高于济南。成人致癌金属浓度的健康风险大约是儿童的两倍。值得注意的是，包头市成年人的Cr风险略高于临界值。