Unintentional exposure to potent synthetic opioids during law enforcement seizures and rescue operations can potentially result in incapacitating effects or life-threatening respiratory depression. The hazard comes mainly from inhalation exposure, however, the skin contact risk should be considered. In the present study, the skin penetration of fentanyl and the efficacy of different decontamination protocols were evaluated by applying two forms of fentanyl on dermatomed human skin mounted in a diffusion cell. Studies were performed on dry skin or skin moistened by water, sweat or hand sanitizer.

The free base of fentanyl displayed greater skin penetration ability than the hydrochloride salt and a higher steady state penetration rate of fentanyl in solution compared to powder on dry skin. Sweaty skin increased the penetration rate, both when applied in solution and as powder. The hand sanitizer increased skin penetration of the free base fentanyl but not the hydrochloride salt. Of the evaluated decontamination procedures, only soapy water demonstrated a general efficacy.

In conclusion, the skin contact hazard of fentanyl is highly dependent on the exposure conditions and contamination density. The risk for physiological effects of fentanyl is assessed to occur only at very high exposures on sweaty skin. In such events, skin decontamination using soap and water is estimated to be a sufficient decontamination procedure.

在执法部门癫痫发作和营救过程中，无意中接触强效合成阿片类药物可能导致丧失工作能力或危及生命的呼吸抑制。危害主要来自吸入接触，但是，应考虑皮肤接触风险。在本研究中，通过将两种形式的芬太尼应用于安装在扩散池中的有皮肤病的人皮肤上，评估了芬太尼的皮肤渗透能力和不同去污方案的功效。研究针对干燥的皮肤或用水，汗水或洗手液润湿的皮肤。

与干性皮肤上的粉末相比，芬太尼的游离碱显示出比盐酸盐更大的皮肤渗透能力，并且溶液中芬太尼的稳态渗透率更高。无论是溶液形式还是粉末形式，汗湿的皮肤都能增加渗透率。洗手液增加了游离碱芬太尼的皮肤渗透能力，但没有增加盐酸盐的渗透力。在评估的去污程序中，仅肥皂水具有一般功效。

总之，芬太尼的皮肤接触危害高度取决于暴露条件和污染密度。据评估，芬太尼生理作用的风险仅在出汗的皮肤上非常高的暴露水平下发生。在这种情况下，估计使用肥皂和水对皮肤进行消毒是足够的消毒程序。