Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide. The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control blast. In this review, we summarized the cloning and utilization of rice blast resistance genes, such as Pi1, Pi2, Pi9, Pi54, Pigm and Piz-t. We concluded that three main problems in the current breeding of rice blast resistance are: availability of few R (resistance) genes that confer resistance to both seedling and panicle blast, the resistance effect of pyramided lines is not the result of a simple accumulation of resistance spectrum, and only a few R genes have been successfully used for molecular breeding. Therefore, novel utilization strategies for rice blast R genes in molecular breeding were proposed, such as accurately understanding the utilization of R genes in main modern rice varieties, creating a core resistant germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits, screening and utilizing broad- spectrum and durable resistance gene combinations. Lastly, the trends and possible development direction of blast resistance improvement were also discussed, including new genes regulating resistance identified via GWAS (genome-wide association study) and improving rice blast resistance using genetic editing.

稻瘟病是影响全世界稻米生产的最具破坏性的疾病之一。开发和合理使用抗病品种一直是控制稻瘟病最有效和最经济的措施。在这篇综述中，我们总结了水稻稻瘟病抗性基因如Pi1，Pi2，Pi9，Pi54，Pimg和Piz-t的克隆和利用。我们得出的结论是，当前稻瘟病抗性育种中的三个主要问题是：少数同时赋予幼苗和穗瘟抗性的R（抗性）基因的可用性，金字塔形品系的抗性不是抗性的简单积累的结果频谱，只有少数R基因已成功用于分子育种。因此，提出了新的水稻稻瘟病R基因在分子育种中的利用策略，例如准确了解现代主要水稻品种中R基因的利用，建立具有优良综合性状的核心抗性种质，筛选和利用广谱和持久的抗性。基因组合。最后，还讨论了稻瘟病抗性改良的趋势和可能的发展方向，包括通过GWAS（全基因组关联研究）鉴定的抗性调控新基因，以及通过基因编辑提高稻瘟病抗性的基因。