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Novel heavy-quark physics phenomena
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics ( IF 9.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2020.103802
S.J. Brodsky , G.I. Lykasov , A.V. Lipatov , J. Smiesko

We review the current understanding of heavy quark parton distributions in nucleons and their impact on deep inelastic scattering, collider physics, and other processes at high energies. The determination of the heavy-quark parton distribution functions is particularly significant for the analysis of hard processes at LHC energies, including the forward rapidity high $x_\mathrm{F}$ domain. The contribution of "intrinsic" heavy quarks, which are multiply connected to the valence quarks of nucleons, is reviewed within non-perturbative physics which provides new information on the fundamental structure of hadrons in QCD. A new prediction for the non-perturbative intrinsic charm-anticharm asymmetry of the proton eigenstate has recently been obtained from a QCD lattice gauge theory calculation of the proton's $G_\mathrm{E}^p(Q^2)$ form factor. This form factor only arises from non-valence quarks and anti-quarks if they have different contributions in the proton's eigenstate. This result, together with the exclusive and inclusive connection and analytic constraints on the form of hadronic structure functions from Light-Front Holographic QCD (LFHQCD) predicts a significant non-perturbative $c(x,Q) - \bar{c}(x,Q)$ asymmetry in the proton structure function at high $x$, consistent with the dynamics predicted by intrinsic charm models. Recent ATLAS data on the associated production of prompt photons and charm-quark jets in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV has provided new constraints on non-perturbative intrinsic charm and tests of the LGTH predictions. We also focus on other experimental observables which have high sensitivity to the intrinsic heavy contributions to PDFs.

中文翻译:

新的重夸克物理现象

我们回顾了当前对核子中重夸克子分布的理解及其对深非弹性散射、对撞机物理和其他高能过程的影响。重夸克部分子分布函数的确定对于分析 LHC 能量的硬过程尤其重要,包括前向速度高 $x_\mathrm{F}$ 域。“内在”重夸克的贡献与核子的价夸克多重连接,在非微扰物理学中进行了回顾,这提供了关于 QCD 中强子基本结构的新信息。最近从质子的 QCD 晶格规范理论计算中获得了对质子本征态的非微扰内在魅力 - 反魅力不对称性的新预测 s $G_\mathrm{E}^p(Q^2)$ 形状因子。如果非价夸克和反夸克在质子的本征态中具有不同的贡献,则这种形状因子仅由非价夸克和反夸克产生。这一结果,连同对来自光前全息 QCD (LFHQCD) 的强子结构函数形式的排他性和包容性连接和解析约束,预测了显着的非微扰 $c(x,Q) - \bar{c}(x ,Q)$ 在高 $x$ 处质子结构函数的不对称性,与内在魅力模型预测的动力学一致。最近关于在 $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV 的 $pp$ 碰撞中瞬发光子和粲夸克喷流的相关产生的 ATLAS 数据为非微扰内在魅力和 LGTH 预测的测试提供了新的约束。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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