(+)RNA viruses are skilled masters of manipulating cellular proteins to complete essential steps of virus infection: (1) translation and replication of viral (+)RNA; (2) virus movement to adjacent and distant cells; and (3) escape from plant defense. Immediately upon reaching the plant’s cytoplasm, viruses recruit plant translation factors to synthesize viral proteins and then replicate viral RNA. Subsequently, viruses need to move from the initial infected cell to neighboring cells and eventually to vascular tissues for systemic infection establishment. To succeed, viruses must also subvert plant proteins to accomplish intercellular movement. During this infection event, plants recognize viral pathogens and initiate a defense. To evade plant defenses, viruses recruit plant proteins to shutdown plant defense and successfully establish infection. The purpose here is to review those plant proteins that are called “plant host factors” and how (+)RNA viruses utilize those factors to succeed. Current advances in the identification, characterization and knowledge have helped to gain important insight into the essential role that these host factors play in viral success. In turn, to the development of viral resistant plants. This knowledge can be beneficial in the identification of targets for gene editing to engineer resistance against plant viruses.

中文翻译：

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操纵大师：正义RNA病毒如何利用植物蛋白复制，在细胞之间移动并克服抗病毒免疫力？

（+）RNA病毒是熟练掌握细胞蛋白以完成病毒感染基本步骤的技术大师：（1）病毒（+）RNA的翻译和复制；（2）病毒向邻近和远处的细胞移动；（3）逃避植物防御。病毒到达植物的细胞质后，立即募集植物翻译因子来合成病毒蛋白，然后复制病毒RNA。随后，病毒需要从最初的感染细胞移至邻近细胞，并最终移至血管组织以建立全身感染。为了获得成功，病毒还必须破坏植物蛋白以完成细胞间移动。在此感染事件中，植物识别病毒病原体并启动防御。为了逃避植物防御，病毒会吸收植物蛋白来关闭植物防御并成功建立感染。这里的目的是回顾被称为“植物宿主因子”的那些植物蛋白，以及（+）RNA病毒如何利用这些因子成功。鉴定，表征和知识方面的最新进展有助于获得对这些宿主因素在病毒成功中所起的重要作用的重要认识。反过来，发展抗病毒植物。该知识可能有助于鉴定基因编辑的靶标，以工程化对植物病毒的抗性。对病毒抗性植物的发展。该知识可能有助于鉴定基因编辑的靶标，以工程化对植物病毒的抗性。对病毒抗性植物的发展。该知识可能有助于鉴定基因编辑的靶标，以工程化对植物病毒的抗性。