Precise estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is one of the most influential factors in proper irrigation scheduling and water resources management. Over the years, various methods and formula have been developed to estimate ETo based on several required variables and assumptions. Accuracy and performance of different ETo estimation equations applied for open field differ from those under controlled greenhouse conditions. Considering the microclimate condition of greenhouses, local calibration is required to choose the best and the most accurate method. This study aimed to investigate the performance of different ETo simulation models including one combination, one temperature-based and seven radiation-based methods under the greenhouse conditions. First, computational methods were calibrated by regression analysis. Then, the accuracy of ETo simulation models was compared with that of micro-lysimeter measurements. Statistical indices including coefficient of determination (R2), mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE), relative root mean square error (RRMSE) and index of agreement (d) were used for validation and verification. Finally, the general ranking among the models was conducted using the standardized Ranking Performance Index (sPRI). According to the results, Penman–Monteith method with a fixed aerodynamic resistance of 53 s m−1 (with 0.98, − 0.01 mm day−1, 0.07 mm day−1, 0.80% and 0.99 for R2, MBE, RMSE, RRMSE and d statistical indices, respectively) was the best and the most precise method for estimating ETo under greenhouse conditions. Turc method, with a cumulative difference of 24.01 mm during the whole simulation period (73 days), underestimated ETo the most under the same conditions.

中文翻译：

---

受控温室条件下参考蒸发蒸腾量估算方法的评估

参考蒸散量 (ETo) 的精确估计是对正确的灌溉计划和水资源管理最有影响的因素之一。多年来，已经开发了各种方法和公式来根据几个必需的变量和假设来估计 ETo。应用于露天场地的不同 ETo 估计方程的准确性和性能与受控温室条件下的不同。考虑到温室的小气候条件，需要局部校准以选择最佳和最准确的方法。本研究旨在研究不同 ETo 模拟模型在温室条件下的性能，包括一种组合方法、一种基于温度的方法和七种基于辐射的方法。首先，通过回归分析校准计算方法。然后，将 ETo 模拟模型的准确性与微蒸渗仪测量的准确性进行了比较。统计指标包括决定系数 (R2)、平均偏差误差 (MBE)、均方根误差 (RMSE)、相对均方根误差 (RRMSE) 和一致性指数 (d) 用于验证和验证。最后，使用标准化排名性能指数 (sPRI) 对模型进行总体排名。根据结果​​，固定气动阻力为 53 sm-1 的 Penman-Monteith 方法（对于 R2、MBE、RMSE、RRMSE 和 d 分别为 0.98、- 0.01 mm day-1、0.07 mm day-1、0.80% 和统计指数）是估计温室条件下 ETo 的最佳和最精确的方法。Turc 方法，在整个模拟期间（73 天）累积差异为 24.01 mm，