Blockchain technology offers an intelligent amalgamation of distributed ledger, Peer-to-Peer (P2P), cryptography, and smart contracts to enable trustworthy applications without any third parties. Existing blockchain systems have successfully either resolved the scalability issue by advancing the distributed consensus protocols from the control plane, or complemented the security issue by updating the block structure and encryption algorithms from the data plane. Yet, we argue that the underlying P2P network plane remains as an important but unaddressed barrier for accelerating the overall blockchain system performance, which can be discussed from how fast and reliable the network is. In order to improve the blockchain network performance about enabling fast and reliable broadcast, we establish a trust-enhanced blockchain P2P topology which takes transmission rate and transmission reliability into consideration. Transmission rate reflects blockchain network speed to disseminate transactions and blocks, and transmission reliability reveals whether transmission rate changes drastically on unreliable network connection. This paper presents BlockP2P-EP, a novel trust-enhanced blockchain topology to accelerate transmission rate and meanwhile retain transmission reliability. BlockP2P-EP first operates the geographical proximity sensing clustering, which leverages K-Means algorithm for gathering proximity peer nodes into clusters. It follows by the hierarchical topological structure that ensures strong connectivity and small diameter based on node attribute classification. Then we propose establishing trust-enhanced network topology. On top of the trust-enhanced blockchain topology, BlockP2P-EP conducts the parallel spanning tree broadcast algorithm to enable fast data broadcast among nodes both intra- and inter- clusters. Finally, we adopt an effective node inactivation detection method to reduce network load. To verify the validity of BlockP2P-EP protocol, we carefully design and implement a blockchain network simulator. Evaluation results show that BlockP2P-EP can exhibit promising network performance in terms of transmission rate and transmission reliability compared to Bitcoin and Ethereum.

中文翻译：

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迈向信任增强型区块链 P2P 拓扑，以实现快速可靠的广播

区块链技术提供了分布式账本、点对点 (P2P)、密码学和智能合约的智能融合，以在没有任何第三方的情况下实现可信赖的应用程序。现有的区块链系统要么通过从控制平面推进分布式共识协议来成功解决可扩展性问题，要么通过从数据平面更新块结构和加密算法来补充安全问题。然而，我们认为底层 P2P 网络平面仍然是加速整体区块链系统性能的重要但尚未解决的障碍，这可以从网络的速度和可靠性来讨论。为了提高区块链网络性能，实现快速可靠的广播，我们建立了一个信任增强的区块链 P2P 拓扑，它考虑了传输速率和传输可靠性。传输速率反映了区块链网络传播交易和区块的速度，传输可靠性揭示了在不可靠的网络连接下传输速率是否会发生剧烈变化。本文介绍了 BlockP2P-EP，这是一种新型的信任增强型区块链拓扑，可在加快传输速率的同时保持传输可靠性。BlockP2P-EP 首先运行地理邻近感知集群，它利用 K-Means 算法将邻近对等节点聚集到集群中。遵循基于节点属性分类的分层拓扑结构，确保强连通性和小直径。然后我们建议建立信任增强的网络拓扑。在信任增强的区块链拓扑结构之上，BlockP2P-EP 进行并行生成树广播算法，以实现集群内和集群间节点之间的快速数据广播。最后，我们采用有效的节点失活检测方法来降低网络负载。为了验证BlockP2P-EP协议的有效性，我们精心设计并实现了一个区块链网络模拟器。评估结果表明，与比特币和以太坊相比，BlockP2P-EP 在传输速率和传输可靠性方面表现出良好的网络性能。我们采用有效的节点失活检测方法来降低网络负载。为了验证BlockP2P-EP协议的有效性，我们精心设计并实现了一个区块链网络模拟器。评估结果表明，与比特币和以太坊相比，BlockP2P-EP 在传输速率和传输可靠性方面表现出良好的网络性能。我们采用有效的节点失活检测方法来降低网络负载。为了验证BlockP2P-EP协议的有效性，我们精心设计并实现了一个区块链网络模拟器。评估结果表明，与比特币和以太坊相比，BlockP2P-EP 在传输速率和传输可靠性方面表现出良好的网络性能。