Microbial ecology of permafrost, due to its ecological and astrobiological importance, has been in the focus of studies in past decades. Although permafrost is an ancient and stable environment, it is also subjected to current climate changes. Permafrost degradation often results in generation of thaw ponds, a phenomenon not only reported mainly from polar regions but also present in high-altitude permafrost environments. Our knowledge about microbial communities of thaw ponds in these unique, remote mountain habitats is sparse. This study presents the first culture collection and results of the next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) analysis of bacterial communities inhabiting a high-altitude permafrost thaw pond. In February 2016, a permafrost thaw pond on the Ojos del Salado at 5900 m a.s.l. (meters above sea level) was sampled as part of the Hungarian Dry Andes Research Programme. A culture collection of 125 isolates was established, containing altogether 11 genera belonging to phyla Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Simplified bacterial communities with a high proportion of candidate and hitherto uncultured bacteria were revealed by Illumina MiSeq NGS. Water of the thaw pond was dominated by Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, while in the sediment of the lake and permafrost, members of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Patescibacteria, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia were abundant. This permafrost habitat can be interesting as a potential Mars analog.

中文翻译：

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位于Ojos del Salado（Dry Andes，Altiplano-Atacama地区）的高空多年冻土解冻塘的细菌多样性。

多年冻土的微生物生态学，由于其生态学和天体生物学的重要性，在过去几十年中一直是研究的重点。尽管多年冻土是古老而稳定的环境，但它也受到当前气候变化的影响。多年冻土退化常常导致解冻池的产生，这种现象不仅主要在极地报道，而且还存在于高海拔多年冻土环境中。我们对这些独特的偏远山区生境中的解冻池微生物群落的了解很少。本研究介绍了居住在高海拔多年冻土融化池中的细菌群落的第一个培养物收集物和下一代DNA测序（NGS）分析的结果。2016年2月，Ojos del Salado的永久冻土池塘解冻，海拔5900 m （高于海平面的米）是匈牙利干安第斯山脉研究计划的一部分。建立了125个分离株的培养物收集物，总共包含11个属，包括拟杆菌，放线菌和变形杆菌。Illumina MiSeq NGS揭示了具有高比例的候选和迄今未培养细菌的简化细菌群落。解冻池中的水主要由拟杆菌和变形杆菌组成，而在湖泊和多年冻土的沉积物中，酸性细菌，放线菌，拟杆菌，棒状杆菌，变形杆菌和疣状微生物的含量很高。作为潜在的火星类似物，这种多年冻土栖息地可能很有趣。包含共11属，属于门生细菌，放线菌和变形杆菌。Illumina MiSeq NGS揭示了具有高比例的候选和迄今未培养细菌的简化细菌群落。解冻池中的水主要由拟杆菌和变形杆菌组成，而在湖泊和多年冻土的沉积物中，酸性细菌，放线菌，拟杆菌，棒状杆菌，变形杆菌和疣状微生物的含量很高。作为潜在的火星类似物，这种多年冻土栖息地可能会很有趣。包含共11属，属于门生细菌，放线菌和变形杆菌。Illumina MiSeq NGS揭示了具有高比例的候选和迄今未培养细菌的简化细菌群落。解冻池中的水主要由拟杆菌和变形杆菌组成，而在湖泊和多年冻土的沉积物中，酸性细菌，放线菌，拟杆菌，棒状杆菌，变形杆菌和疣状微生物的含量很高。作为潜在的火星类似物，这种多年冻土栖息地可能会很有趣。而在湖泊和多年冻土的沉积物中，酸性细菌，放线菌，拟杆菌，杆菌属，变形杆菌和疣状微生物的含量很高。作为潜在的火星类似物，这种多年冻土栖息地可能很有趣。而在湖泊和多年冻土的沉积物中，酸性细菌，放线菌，拟杆菌，杆菌属，变形杆菌和疣状微生物的含量很高。作为潜在的火星类似物，这种多年冻土栖息地可能很有趣。