Abstract

The performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) depends on the controlled size, dispersion and density of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) on carbon supports, which are strongly affected by the carbon characteristics and fabrication methods. Here, we demonstrated a high-performance Pt/carbon catalyst for PEMFCs using fluidized bed reactor atomic layer deposition (FBR-ALD) that was realized by an effective matching of the carbon supports for the FBR-ALD process and an optimization of the ionomer content during the preparation of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). For this, the synthesis of Pt NPs was conducted on two porous supports (Vulcan XC-72R and functionalized carbon) by FBR-ALD. The functionalized carbon possessed a higher surface area with a large pore volume, abundant defects in a disordered structure and a large number of oxygen functional groups compared to those of the well-known Vulcan carbon. The favorable surface characteristics of the functionalized carbon for nucleation produced Pt particles with an increased uniformity and density and a narrow size range, which led to a higher electrochemical surface area (ECSA) than that of Pt/Vulcan carbon and commercial Pt/carbon. The PEMFC test of the respective Pt/carbon samples was investigated, and highly dense and uniform Pt/functionalized-carbon showed the highest performance through optimization of the higher ionomer content compared to that for the ALD Pt growth on Vulcan carbon and commercial Pt/carbon. In addition, the Pt catalyst using ALD demonstrated a significant long-term stability for the PEMFC. This finding demonstrates the remarkable advantages of FBR-ALD for the fabrication of Pt/carbon and the ability of functionalized carbon supports to achieve a high PEMFC efficiency and an enhanced durability.

中文翻译：

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通过流化床反应器原子层沉积将高度分散的Pt纳米颗粒合成为碳载体，以提高PEMFC性能

摘要

质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFCs）的性能取决于碳载体上Pt纳米颗粒（NPs）的受控尺寸，分散度和密度，碳尺寸和分散度和密度受碳特性和制造方法的强烈影响。在这里，我们展示了一种通过流化床反应器原子层沉积（FBR-ALD）用于PEMFC的高性能Pt /碳催化剂，该催化剂是通过有效匹配碳载体来实现FBR-ALD工艺并优化离聚物含量而实现的在准备膜电极组件（MEA）时。为此，通过FBR-ALD在两个多孔载体（Vulcan XC-72R和功能化碳）上进行了Pt NP的合成。官能化碳具有较高的表面积和较大的孔体积，与众所周知的Vulcan碳相比，无序结构中的大量缺陷和大量的氧官能团。用于成核的功能化碳的有利表面特征产生了具有增加的均匀性和密度和狭窄的尺寸范围的Pt颗粒，这导致比Pt / Vulcan碳和市售Pt /碳具有更高的电化学表面积（ECSA）。对各个Pt /碳样品的PEMFC测试进行了研究，与Vulcan碳和商用Pt /碳上的ALD Pt相比，通过优化更高的离聚物含量，高密度和均匀的Pt /功能化碳表现出最高的性能。此外，使用ALD的Pt催化剂对PEMFC表现出了显着的长期稳定性。