The porous substrates of commercially pure titanium have been coated with a novel bilayer of bioactive glasses (BGs), 45S5 and 1393, to improve the osseointegration and solve the stress-shielding phenomenon of titanium partial implants. The porosity of the substrates and the scratch resistance and bioactivity of the coating have been evaluated. Results are discussed in terms of stiffness and yield strength of the substrates, as well as the chemical composition, thickness, and design of the bioglass coating (monolithic vs bilayer). The role of the pores was a crucial issue in the anchoring of the coating, both in porosity percentage (30 and 60 vol %) and in pore range size (100–200 and 355–500 μm). The study was focused on the adhesion and infiltration of a 1393 bioglass layer (in contact with a porous titanium substrate), in combination with the biofunctionality of the 45S5 bioglass layer (surrounded by the host bone tissue), as 1393 bioglass enhances the adherence, while 45S5 bioglass promotes higher bioactivity. This bioactivity of the raw powder was initially estimated by nuclear magnetic resonance, through the evaluation of the chemical environments, and confirmed by the formation of hydroxyapatite when immersed in a simulated body fluid. The results revealed that the substrate with 30 vol % of porosity and a range of 355–500 μm pore size, coated with this novel BG bilayer, presented the best combination in terms of mechanical and biofunctional properties.

中文翻译：

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涂有生物活性玻璃双层（45S5-1393）的多孔钛基底的生物功能和摩擦力学行为。

商业纯钛的多孔基材已经涂覆了新型双层生物活性玻璃（BG），45S5和1393，以改善骨整合并解决钛部分植入物的应力屏蔽现象。已经评估了基材的孔隙率以及涂层的耐划伤性和生物活性。根据基板的刚度和屈服强度，以及生物玻璃涂层的化学组成，厚度和设计（整体与双层）讨论了结果。无论是在孔隙率百分比（30和60 vol％）还是在孔径范围（100–200和355–500μm）中，孔的作用都是决定涂层锚固的关键问题。该研究的重点是1393生物玻璃层（与多孔钛基底接触）的粘附和渗透，结合45S5生物玻璃层的生物功能性（由宿主骨组织包围），因为1393生物玻璃增强了粘附性，而45S5生物玻璃则增强了生物活性。原始粉末的生物活性最初是通过核磁共振通过对化学环境的评估来估算的，并通过浸入模拟体液中时羟基磷灰石的形成得以证实。结果表明，具有30vol％孔隙率和355-500μm孔径范围的基材的这种新型BG双层涂层，在机械和生物功能特性方面表现出最佳的组合。原始粉末的生物活性最初是通过核磁共振通过对化学环境的评估来估算的，并通过浸入模拟体液中时羟基磷灰石的形成得以证实。结果表明，具有30vol％孔隙率和355-500μm孔径范围的基材的这种新型BG双层涂层，在机械和生物功能特性方面表现出最佳的组合。原始粉末的生物活性最初是通过核磁共振通过对化学环境的评估来估算的，并通过浸入模拟体液中时羟基磷灰石的形成得以证实。结果表明，具有30vol％孔隙率和355-500μm孔径范围的基材的这种新型BG双层涂层，在机械和生物功能特性方面表现出最佳的组合。