ABSTRACT

Introduction

Evidence is emerging of complex interactions occurring between gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of ruminants and the resident gut flora, with likely implications for the pathophysiology of worm infection and disease. Similarly, recent data point toward the occurrence of a GI nematode (GIN)-specific microbiota, with potential roles in worm fundamental physiology and reproduction. Parasite-microbiota relationships might represent potential targets for the development of novel parasiticides.

Areas covered

In this article, we review current knowledge of the role(s) that host- and helminth-associated microbiota play in ruminant host-parasite relationships, and outline potential avenues for the control of GIN of farmed ruminants via the manipulation of resident microbial species with putative functions in infection establishment, host-immune modulation, and/or parasite fitness and survival.

Expert opinion

In order for this knowledge to be translated into practical applications, we argue that several aspects of the nematode-microbiota cross-talk must be addressed, including (i) the causality of interactions between the parasite, the gut microbiota, and the host immune system, (ii) the modes of action of dietary prebiotics and probiotics, (iii) the mechanisms by which diet supplementation aids the development of resistance/tolerance to GI helminth infections and (iv) the composition of the GIN microbiome and its role(s) in parasite biology and physiology.

中文翻译：

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蠕虫，宿主及其微生物群：处理反刍动物胃肠蠕虫病的新途径。

摘要

介绍

反刍动物的胃肠道（GI）寄生虫与常驻肠道菌群之间发生复杂相互作用的证据不断涌现，这可能对蠕虫感染和疾病的病理生理产生影响。同样，最近的数据也指向了特定的GI线虫（GIN）菌群的发生，在蠕虫的基本生理和繁殖中具有潜在的作用。寄生生物与微生物群的关系可能代表了新型杀寄生虫药开发的潜在目标。

覆盖区域

在本文中，我们回顾了宿主和蠕虫相关微生物在反刍动物宿主-寄生虫关系中所起的作用的当前知识，并概述了通过操纵常驻微生物物种控制反刍动物的GIN的潜在途径。在感染建立，宿主免疫调节和/或寄生虫适应性和存活中的推定功能。

专家意见

为了将此知识转化为实际应用，我们认为必须解决线虫-微生物群落串扰的几个方面，包括（i）寄生虫，肠道微生物群和宿主免疫系统之间相互作用的因果关系（ii）膳食益生元和益生菌的作用方式，（iii）膳食补充剂有助于对胃肠道蠕虫感染产生耐药性/耐受性的机制，以及（iv）GIN微生物组的组成及其作用在寄生虫生物学和生理学。