The study presents the diversification of sediments deposited on log (LS), boulder (BS) and mixed-type (LBS) steps located in the channel of a stream in a small forest mountain catchment in the Polish Carpathians. The topic of sediment diversification in a stream channel is an important issue not only from the perspective of sediment transport process and shaping fluvial systems in forested catchments caused by woody or rock debris but also in the context of functioning of local ecosystems. We aimed to test the following hypothesis: the morphodynamic features of a stream channel and the type of steps therein significantly affect the diversification of the size and shape of mineral deposits and play an important role in the process of sediments transport and processing in the channels of small mountain streams. In order to verify the above hypothesis, sediments were sampled directly from the stream channel (Ch) in its longitudinal profile as well as upstream and downstream of steps (LS, BS and LBS) in the channel. The diversification of features of sediment grain size was analysed taking into account step type and sediment location in the longitudinal profile of the stream channel. The research was conducted separately for fine-grained sandstone (A) and coarse-grained sandstone (B). In addition, the basic sedimentological indicators and the shape parameter of the gravels, as described by the Zingg method, were determined. In order to determine the transport predisposition of the sediments in a specific load, an analysis of sediment distribution was performed on the C/M (C—first percentile and M—median) diagram. The PCA (Principal component analysis) analysis showed that the step type significantly affects the processing as well as the size and shape diversification of mineral deposits, which confirms our hypothesis. Therefore, this study is a contribution to the current knowledge on fluvial processes occurring in stream channels in small forest mountain catchments.

中文翻译：

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波兰喀尔巴阡山脉小森林集水区河道中河床和砾石台阶对河流沉积物特征多样化的意义

这项研究提出了位于波兰喀尔巴阡山脉的一个小森林山区流域的河道中的原木（LS），巨石（BS）和混合型（LBS）台阶上沉积的沉积物的多样性。不仅从沉积物的运输过程和塑造由木屑或岩石碎片引起的森林集水区的河流系统的角度来看，而且在当地生态系统功能的背景下，河流通道中的沉积物多样化也是一个重要问题。我们旨在检验以下假设：一条河道的形态动力学特征和其中的台阶类型显着影响矿床沉积物的大小和形状的多样性，并在该河道的沉积物运输和加工过程中发挥重要作用。小山streams。为了验证上述假设，从河道（Ch）的纵向剖面以及河道中台阶（LS，BS和LBS）的上游和下游直接取样。考虑阶跃类型和沉积物在河道纵向剖面中的位置，分析了沉积物粒度特征的多样性。分别针对细粒砂岩（A）和粗粒砂岩（B）进行了研究。此外，还确定了基本的沉积学指标和砾石的形状参数（如Zingg方法所述）。为了确定沉积物在特定载荷下的运输倾向，对沉积物分布进行了分析（C / M（第一百分比和M中位数））。PCA（主成分分析）分析表明，阶跃类型显着影响矿床的加工过程以及大小和形状的多样化，这证实了我们的假设。因此，这项研究为当前有关小森林山区流域河流渠道中发生的河流过程的知识做出了贡献。