Extensive areas of inland dunes are commonly overplanted with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). However, thus far the pine litterfall has not been investigated in detail in Scots pine stands overgrowing the landforms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the mass and chemical composition of litterfall in a dune Scots pine forest, paying special attention to the differences in the properties of the particular categories of litterfall (needles, twigs, bark, cones, residue) occurring in different seasons. The secondary goal of the research was to investigate the possible effect of contrasting slope aspect on litterfall properties. Litterfall was examined for three years on a north- and south-facing dune slope using the litter trap method. The mass and chemical composition (C, N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Ca, Fe, Al) of each litterfall category was analysed. Average annual mass of litterfall ranged from 322.0 ± 2.6 (slope N) to 361.9 ± 34.2 (slope S) g m⁻² year⁻¹. Fluctuations in the annual concentrations of N, P, K and Mg were determined, which was the result of their gradual withdrawal from needles before they were dropped in autumn. Immobile or poorly mobile elements (i.e., Mn, Ca, Fe and Al) were found to be steadily accumulated during the year in fallen tissues. The studied elements can be set in the following order as regards the annual pools which return to a topsoil with litterfall: C > N > Ca > K > Mg > Mn > Al > P > Fe on slope N and C > Ca > N > K > Mg > Al > P > Mn > Fe on slope S. Despite the fact that the residue (seeds etc.) constitutes a much smaller part of the total litterfall mass than the needles, comparable amounts of N, P, K, Al and Fe return to a topsoil with both these categories. The only element for which we determined differences in concentrations regarding slope aspect was Mn: the concentrations were significantly higher for needles, twigs, bark and cones on the N than the S slope.

中文翻译：

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中欧内陆沙丘的苏格兰松林中的凋落物：质量，季节动态和化学

内陆沙丘的大部分地区通常都种植了苏格兰松树（Pinus sylvestris）。但是，到目前为止，尚未对松树丛中凋落物进行过详细调查。因此，本研究的目的是分析沙丘苏格兰松树林中凋落物的质量和化学组成，尤其要注意特定凋落物类别（针，树枝，树皮，圆锥，果渣）的特性差异。发生在不同的季节。研究的次要目标是研究坡度对比对凋落物特性的可能影响。使用垃圾收集器方法，在朝北和朝南的沙丘斜坡上对凋落物进行了三年的检查。分析了每种凋落物类别的质量和化学组成（C，N，P，K，Mg，Mn，Ca，Fe，Al）。凋落物的年平均质量范围为322.0±2.6（N坡度）至361.9±34。⁻²年⁻¹。确定了N，P，K和Mg的年浓度波动，这是由于它们在秋季掉落之前逐渐从针头撤出的结果。在这一年中，发现下落不定的组织中稳定地或不易移动的元素（即Mn，Ca，Fe和Al）稳定地积累。对于返回到凋落物的表层土壤的年池，可以按以下顺序设置研究元素：C> N> Ca> K> Mg> Mn> Al> P> Fe在坡度N和C> Ca> N>坡度S上的K> Mg> Al> P> Mn> Fe。尽管残留物（种子等）占凋落物总质量的比例比针头要小得多，但N，P，K，Al的含量相当而铁则同时归入这两个类别的表土。