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Molecular mechanisms for biosynthesis and assembly of nutritionally important very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in microorganisms.
Progress in Lipid Research ( IF 13.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101047
Xiao Qiu 1 , Xi Xie 2 , Dauenpen Meesapyodsuk 3
Affiliation  

Very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5-n3) are nutritionally important for humans and animals. De novo biosynthesis of these fatty acids mainly occurs in microorganisms and goes through either an aerobic pathway catalyzed by type I/II fatty acid synthase, desaturases and elongases or an anaerobic pathway catalyzed by a polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase. After synthesis, VLCPUFAs must be incorporated into glycerolipids for storage through acyl assembly processes. Understanding the mechanisms for the biosynthesis of VLCPUFAs and their incorporation into glycerolipids is important not only for developing a renewable, sustainable and environment-friendly source of these fatty acids in microorganisms, but also, for designing effective strategies for metabolic engineering of these fatty acids in heterologous systems. This review highlights recent findings which have increased our understanding of biosynthesis of VLCPUFAs and their incorporation into glycerolipids in microorganisms. Future directions in improving the production of VLCPUFAs in native microbial producers are also discussed along with transgenic production of these fatty acids in oleaginous microorganisms and oilseed crops for food and feed uses.



中文翻译:

微生物中营养重要的非常长链多不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成和组装的分子机制。

二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,22:6n-3),花生四烯酸(ARA,20:4n-6)和二十碳五烯酸(EPA,20:5-n3)等超长链多不饱和脂肪酸(VLCPUFAs)对人类和动物。从头开始这些脂肪酸的生物合成主要发生在微生物中,并通过I / II型脂肪酸合酶,去饱和酶和延伸酶催化的需氧途径,或通过多不饱和脂肪酸合酶催化的厌氧途径。合成后,必须将VLCPUFAs掺入甘油脂中,以通过酰基组装过程进行存储。了解VLCPUFAs的生物合成机制及其掺入甘油脂的机制不仅对于开发微生物中这些脂肪酸的可再生,可持续和环境友好来源非常重要,而且对于设计这些脂肪酸代谢工程的有效策略也很重要。异源系统。这篇综述强调了最近的发现,这些发现增加了我们对VLCPUFAs的生物合成及其在微生物中掺入甘油脂的理解。还讨论了在天然微生物生产者中提高VLCPUFAs产量的未来方向,以及在油性微生物和油料作物中用于食品和饲料用途的这些脂肪酸的转基因生产。

更新日期:2020-06-12
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