The functional content of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) is highly diverse across eukaryotes. Among land plants, our understanding of the variation in mitochondrial gene and intron content is improving from concerted efforts to densely sample mitogenomes from diverse land plants. Here I review the current state of knowledge regarding the diversity in content of protein genes and introns in the mitogenomes of all major land plant lineages. Mitochondrial protein gene content is largely conserved among mosses and liverworts, but it varies substantially among and within other land plant lineages due to convergent losses of genes encoding ribosomal proteins and, to a lesser extent, genes for proteins involved in cytochrome c maturation and oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial intron content is fairly stable within each major land plant lineage, but highly variable among lineages, resulting from occasional gains and many convergent losses over time. Trans-splicing has evolved dozens of times in various vascular plant lineages, particularly those with relatively higher rates of mitogenomic rearrangement. Across eukaryotes, mitochondrial protein gene and intron content has been shaped massive convergent evolution.

中文翻译：

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陆生植物有丝分裂基因组蛋白基因和内含子含量的变化

线粒体基因组（有丝分裂基因组）的功能内容在真核生物中高度多样化。在陆地植物中，我们对线粒体基因和内含子含量变异的理解正在通过共同努力从不同的陆地植物中密集采样有丝分裂基因组而得到改善。在这里，我回顾了关于所有主要陆生植物谱系有丝分裂基因组中蛋白质基因和内含子含量多样性的知识现状。线粒体蛋白基因含量在苔藓和苔类植物中大部分是保守的，但由于编码核糖体蛋白的基因以及在较小程度上参与细胞色素 c 成熟和氧化磷酸化的蛋白质基因的收敛性丢失，它在其他陆地植物谱系之间和内部差异很大. 线粒体内含子含量在每个主要陆生植物谱系中都相当稳定，但在谱系之间​​变化很大，这是由于随着时间的推移偶尔增加和许多收敛性损失造成的。反式剪接在各种维管植物谱系中已经进化了数十次，特别是那些具有相对较高丝裂基因组重排率的植物谱系。在真核生物中，线粒体蛋白基因和内含子含量已形成大规模趋同进化。