Thrombus causes insufficient blood flow and ischemia damages to brain and heart, leading to life-threatening cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Development of efficient antithrombotic strategies has long been a high priority, owing to the high morbidity and mortality of thrombotic diseases. With the rapid development of biomedical nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic disorder, remarkable progresses have been made in antithrombotic nanomedicines in recent years. Herein, we outline the recent advances in this field at the intersection of thrombus theranostics and biomedical nanotechnology. First, thrombus diagnosis techniques based on biomedical nanotechnology are presented. Then, emerging antithrombotic nanotherapeutics are overviewed, including thrombus-targeting strategies, thrombus stimuli-responsive nanosystems and phase transition-driven nanotherapeutics. Furthermore, multifunctional nanosystems for combination theranostics of thrombotic diseases are discussed. Finally, the design considerations, advantages and challenges of these biomedical nanotechnology-driven therapeutics in clinical translation are highlighted.

血栓导致血流不足，缺血对脑和心脏造成损害，导致危及生命的心脑血管疾病。由于血栓形成疾病的高发病率和死亡率，长期以来，开发有效的抗血栓形成战略一直是高度优先事项。随着生物医学纳米技术在血栓形成疾病诊断和治疗中的迅速发展，近年来抗血栓形成纳米药物取得了显着进展。在此，我们概述了血栓治疗学和生物医学纳米技术的交叉领域在该领域的最新进展。首先，介绍了基于生物医学纳米技术的血栓诊断技术。然后，概述了新兴的抗血栓形成纳米疗法，包括靶向血栓的策略，血栓刺激响应纳米系统和相变驱动的纳米疗法。此外，讨论了用于组合血栓形成疾病的多功能纳米系统。最后，突出了这些生物医学纳米技术驱动的疗法在临床翻译中的设计考虑，优势和挑战。