There has been a significant increased concern of the impact of the toxicity of multiple contaminants in the marine environment. Thus, this study was aimed at determining whether the interaction between nano-TiO₂ and Cr(VI) would modulate their toxic effects with the marine crustacean, Artemia salina. Nano-TiO₂ agglomerated in artificial sea water (ASW) and readily formed micron-sized particles that settled down in the medium. The addition of Cr(VI) to nano-TiO₂ aggravated their agglomeration through sorption of Cr(VI) onto nano-TiO₂. This was reflected by a decrease in the residual concentration of Cr in the suspension. Acute toxicity tests performed using pristine nano-TiO₂ (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L) and Cr(VI) (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/L) displayed a concentration dependent rise in the mortality of Artemia salina. To examine the effects of mixtures of nano-TiO₂ and Cr(VI) on Artemia salina, two groups of experiments were designed. The former group studied the toxic effect of nano-TiO₂ (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L) with a fixed concentration (0.125 mg/L) of Cr(VI). While the latter group studied the toxicity of Cr(VI) (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/L) with a fixed concentration (0.25 mg/L) of nano-TiO₂. The toxic effects of nano-TiO₂ was not significantly reduced at a fixed concentration of Cr(VI) but in contrast, a significant reduction in the Cr(VI) toxicity by fixed concentration of nano-TiO₂ was observed. Toxicity data was well supported by an independent action model that proved the mode of action between nano-TiO₂ and Cr(VI) to be antagonistic. Furthermore, ROS generation and measurement of antioxidant enzyme activities were also in line with toxicity results. From this study, the modification of Cr(VI) toxicity at fixed concentration of nano-TiO₂ could have a huge impact on the reduction in Cr(VI) toxicity across trophic levels.

人们越来越关注海洋环境中多种污染物的毒性影响。因此，本研究旨在确定纳米TiO ₂和Cr（VI）之间的相互作用是否会调节其与海洋甲壳类动物卤虫的毒性作用。纳米TiO ₂在人造海水（ASW）中发生团聚，并容易形成沉降在介质中的微米级颗粒。通过将Cr（VI）吸附到纳米TiO ₂上，将Cr（VI）添加到纳米TiO _2中加剧了它们的团聚。这通过悬浮液中Cr残留浓度的降低反映出来。使用原始纳米TiO ₂进行的急性毒性试验（0.25、0.5、1、2和4 mg / L）和Cr（VI）（0.125、0.25、0.5和1 mg / L）在盐卤中死亡率呈浓度依赖性上升。为了检查纳米TiO ₂和Cr（VI）的混合物对卤虫卤虫的影响，设计了两组实验。前一组研究了固定浓度（0.125 mg / L）Cr（VI）的纳米TiO ₂（0.5、1、2和4 mg / L）的毒性作用。后一组研究了固定浓度（0.25 mg / L）纳米TiO ₂时Cr（VI）（0.25、0.5和1 mg / L）的毒性。纳米TiO ₂的毒性作用在固定浓度的Cr（VI）时，Cr（VI）不会显着降低，但是相反，观察到通过固定浓度的纳米TiO ₂可以显着降低Cr（VI）的毒性。毒性数据得到了独立作用模型的充分支持，该模型证明了纳米TiO ₂和Cr（VI）之间的拮抗作用。此外，ROS的产生和抗氧化酶活性的测定也符合毒性结果。从这项研究中，在固定浓度的纳米TiO _2中对Cr（VI）毒性的修饰可能对降低营养水平上Cr（VI）毒性的影响很大。