Biofilms are organized bacterial communities embedded in extracellular polymeric matrices attached to living or abiotic surfaces. Eradicating biofilms completely is challenging and leads to repeated pollution. Thus, development of on-site and rapid biofilm detection methods is necessary. Various approaches for measuring biofilm formation have been implemented over the last decade. These include the crystal violet (CV) assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). However, the existing approaches are associated with issues, such as complexity and length of analysis. Consequently, in this work, a novel and rapid detection technique, specifically surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), was investigated for the measurement of the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. After 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 days of culture in simulated pipes, the biofilm growth was analyzed by SERS, CV assay, and CLSM. The study revealed that the SERS approach gave optimal results following linear fitting at the relative peak intensities of I_{1172 cm}^–1/I_{722 cm}^–1 and I_{1384 cm}^–1/I_{722 cm}^–1, with the R² values of 0.9576 and 0.9640. It was established that the two characteristic Raman peaks reflected the change of biofilm more adequately. The SERS method was compared with the CV assay and CLSM by Pearson correlation analysis. In addition to a good correlation between SERS and CV assay (P < 0.05), a significant correlation between SERS and CLSM (P < 0.01) was determined. Moreover, the novel SERS method considerably shortened the detection time, eliminating the necessity for an elution step. Overall, the described technique is a reliable on-site and non-destructive biofilm formation detection method.

生物膜是组织化的细菌群落，嵌入到附着在生物或非生物表面的细胞外聚合物基质中。彻底消除生物膜具有挑战性，并导致反复污染。因此，需要开发现场快速的生物膜检测方法。在过去的十年中，已经采用了各种方法来测量生物膜的形成。这些包括结晶紫（CV）分析和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）。但是，现有方法与问题相关，例如复杂性和分析时间。因此，在这项工作中，研究了一种新颖，快速的检测技术，特别是表面增强拉曼散射（SERS），用于测量金黄色葡萄球菌。生物膜形成。在模拟管中培养5、7、9、11和13天后，通过SERS，CV分析和CLSM分析生物膜的生长。研究表明，在相对峰强度分别为I _{1172 cm} ^–1 / I _{722 cm} ^–1和I _{1384 cm} ^–1 / I _{722 cm} ^{–1的情况下}，采用R ^2时，SERS方法给出了最佳结果。值0.9576和0.9640。已经确定，两个特征拉曼峰更充分地反映了生物膜的变化。通过Pearson相关分析，将SERS方法与CV分析和CLSM进行了比较。除了SERS与CV分析之间的良好相关性（P <0.05）外，还确定了SERS与CLSM之间的显着相关性（P <0.01）。此外，新颖的SERS方法大大缩短了检测时间，消除了洗脱步骤的必要性。总体而言，所描述的技术是一种可靠的现场无损生物膜形成检测方法。