Reconstructing routes of ancient long-distance voyaging, long a topic of speculation, has become possible thanks to advances in the geochemical sourcing of archaeological artifacts. Of particular interest are islands classified as Polynesian Outliers, where people speak Polynesian languages and have distinctly Polynesian cultural traits, but are located within the Melanesian or Micronesian cultural areas. While the classification of these groups as Polynesian is not in dispute, the material evidence for the movement between Polynesia and the Polynesian Outliers is exceedingly rare, unconfirmed, and in most cases, nonexistent. We report on the first comprehensive sourcing (using a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer) of obsidian and volcanic glass artifacts recovered from excavations on the Polynesian Outlier island of Tikopia. We find evidence for: (1) initial settlement followed by continued voyages between Tikopia and an island Melanesian homeland; (2) long-distance voyaging becoming much less frequent and continuing to decline; and (3) later voyaging from Polynesia marked by imports of volcanic glass from Tonga beginning at 765 cal yr BP (±54 yr). Later long-distance voyages from Polynesia were surprisingly rare, given the strong cultural and linguistic influences of Polynesia, and we suggest, may indicate that Tikopia was targeted by Tongans for political expansion.

中文翻译：

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黑曜石和火山玻璃人工制品证据表明长途航行到波利尼西亚离群岛蒂科皮亚岛

由于考古文物的地球化学来源的进步，重建古代长途航行的路线，长期以来一直是一个猜测的话题，已经成为可能。特别令人感兴趣的是被归类为波利尼西亚异常值的岛屿，人们讲波利尼西亚语言并具有明显的波利尼西亚文化特征，但位于美拉尼西亚或密克罗尼西亚文化区内。虽然将这些群体归类为波利尼西亚人没有争议，但波利尼西亚和波利尼西亚异常值之间移动的物质证据极为罕见，未经证实，而且在大多数情况下不存在。我们报告了第一次全面采购（使用便携式 X 射线荧光光谱仪）从波利尼西亚离群岛 Tikopia 的挖掘中回收的黑曜石和火山玻璃文物。我们找到了以下证据：（1）在提科皮亚和美拉尼西亚家园岛之间的初始定居之后继续航行；(2) 长途航行变得不那么频繁并且继续下降；(3) 后来从波利尼西亚航行，以从汤加进口的火山玻璃为标志，从 765 cal yr BP (±54 yr) 开始。鉴于波利尼西亚强烈的文化和语言影响，后来从波利尼西亚进行的长途航行出奇地罕见，我们认为，这可能表明 Tikopia 是汤加人政治扩张的目标。(3) 后来从波利尼西亚航行，以从汤加进口的火山玻璃为标志，从 765 cal yr BP (±54 yr) 开始。鉴于波利尼西亚强烈的文化和语言影响，后来从波利尼西亚进行的长途航行出奇地罕见，我们认为，这可能表明 Tikopia 是汤加人政治扩张的目标。(3) 后来从波利尼西亚航行，以从汤加进口的火山玻璃为标志，从 765 cal yr BP (±54 yr) 开始。鉴于波利尼西亚强烈的文化和语言影响，后来从波利尼西亚进行的长途航行出奇地罕见，我们认为，这可能表明 Tikopia 是汤加人政治扩张的目标。