Abstract

This review focuses on contaminant removal from water using hydrogel-based materials. It highlights the recent results achieved, unresolved problems, and possible developments. Polymer and graphene hydrogels are promising new materials for removing inorganic (e.g., metals and metalloids) and organic (e.g., dyes) trace contaminants from water. They can be prepared as composites with practically any desired conventional or innovative adsorbent, to enhance the removal efficiency. Obtaining a three-dimensional highly effective network is one of the significant features of hydrogels, which confer specific characteristics on them. There are number of benefits of using hydrogels: easy separation and handling, the facility for large-scale application, and the ability to regenerate and reuse the hydrogels. At present, the experiments based on hydrogels for water purification are mostly limited to the laboratory scale and further research needed to move toward large-scale industrial applications. Moreover, the present studies are currently limited to a few types of contaminants, so that further experiments needed for removal of more contaminant types and mixtures of contaminants, considering that in practical situations. All these features are described and discussed in this review, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first comprehensive review on hydrogel applications for contaminant removal from water.

摘要

本综述侧重于使用基于水凝胶的材料从水中去除污染物。它强调了最近取得的成果、未解决的问题和可能的发展。聚合物和石墨烯水凝胶是用于从水中去除无机（例如金属和准金属）和有机（例如染料）痕量污染物的有前途的新材料。它们可以与几乎任何所需的传统或创新吸附剂制成复合材料，以提高去除效率。获得三维高效网络是水凝胶的显着特征之一，赋予它们特定的特性。使用水凝胶有许多好处：易于分离和处理，便于大规模应用，以及能够再生和重复使用水凝胶。目前，基于水凝胶净化水的实验大多限于实验室规模，需要进一步研究才能实现大规模工业应用。此外，目前的研究仅限于几种类型的污染物，因此考虑到实际情况，需要进一步的实验来去除更多的污染物类型和污染物的混合物。所有这些特征都在本次审查中进行了描述和讨论，据我们所知，这是对水凝胶应用从水中去除污染物的第一次全面审查。考虑到实际情况，需要进一步的实验来去除更多的污染物类型和污染物混合物。所有这些特征都在本次审查中进行了描述和讨论，据我们所知，这是对水凝胶应用从水中去除污染物的第一次全面审查。考虑到实际情况，需要进一步的实验来去除更多的污染物类型和污染物混合物。所有这些特征都在本次审查中进行了描述和讨论，据我们所知，这是对水凝胶应用从水中去除污染物的第一次全面审查。