Abstract

In the quest for environmental protection and sustainability, researchers have evaluated a variety of biomaterials for the remediation of polluted effluents. In this mini-review, the recent advances in biosorption of pollutants from aqueous solutions using fish scales was discussed. It was conducted to catalogue research progress, gain an understanding of the current research trend, isolate possible knowledge gaps, and elucidate potential future perspectives in the research area. Four (4) key stages are involved in the preparation methodology of biosorbents from fish scales: washing, drying, grinding, and sieving. Biosorbent from fish scales usually possess heterogeneous surfaces (and sometimes ridges). It was observed that about 65% of research studies have focused on heavy metals removal. Fish scale biosorption equilibrium was usually best fit to Langmuir or Freundlich isotherms and the biosorption kinetics was according to the pseudo-second-order model in most cases. Fish scale biosorption for metals was observed to be always spontaneous process. The current research trend in the area is on methods to improve the biosorbent via derivation of hydroxyapatite scaffolds, chemical impregnation, and other functionalization techniques.

摘要

在寻求环境保护和可持续性的过程中，研究人员评估了各种用于修复污染废水的生物材料。在这篇小型综述中，讨论了使用鱼鳞从水溶液中生物吸附污染物的最新进展。它旨在对研究进展进行编目，了解当前的研究趋势，隔离可能的知识差距，并阐明研究领域的潜在未来前景。鱼鳞生物吸附剂的制备方法涉及四 (4) 个关键阶段：洗涤、干燥、研磨和筛分。来自鱼鳞的生物吸附剂通常具有异质表面（有时还有脊）。据观察，大约 65% 的研究都集中在去除重金属上。鱼鳞生物吸附平衡通常最适合 Langmuir 或 Freundlich 等温线，并且在大多数情况下生物吸附动力学根据伪二阶模型。观察到鱼鳞对金属的生物吸附始终是自发过程。该领域当前的研究趋势是改进生物吸附剂的方法通过衍生羟基磷灰石支架、化学浸渍和其他功能化技术。