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Assessing the potential for up‐cycling recovered resources from anaerobic digestion through microbial protein production
Microbial Biotechnology ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-11 , DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13600
Kristof Verbeeck 1, 2 , Jo De Vrieze 1, 3 , Ilje Pikaar 4 , Willy Verstraete 1, 5 , Korneel Rabaey 1, 3
Affiliation  

Anaerobic digesters produce biogas, a mixture of predominantly CH4 and CO2, which is typically incinerated to recover electrical and/or thermal energy. In a context of circular economy, the CH4 and CO2 could be used as chemical feedstock in combination with ammonium from the digestate. Their combination into protein‐rich bacterial, used as animal feed additive, could contribute to the ever growing global demand for nutritive protein sources and improve the overall nitrogen efficiency of the current agro‐ feed/food chain. In this concept, renewable CH4 and H2 can serve as carbon‐neutral energy sources for the production of protein‐rich cellular biomass, while assimilating and upgrading recovered ammonia from the digestate. This study evaluated the potential of producing sustainable high‐quality protein additives in a decentralized way through coupling anaerobic digestion and microbial protein production using methanotrophic and hydrogenotrophic bacteria in an on‐farm bioreactor. We show that a practical case digester handling liquid piggery manure, of which the energy content is supplemented for 30% with co‐substrates, provides sufficient biogas to allow the subsequent microbial protein as feed production for about 37% of the number of pigs from which the manure was derived. Overall, producing microbial protein on the farm from available methane and ammonia liberated by anaerobic digesters treating manure appears economically and technically feasible within the current range of market prices existing for high‐quality protein. The case of producing biomethane for grid injection and upgrading the CO2 with electrolytic hydrogen to microbial protein by means of hydrogen‐oxidizing bacteria was also examined but found less attractive at the current production prices of renewable hydrogen. Our calculations show that this route is only of commercial interest if the protein value equals the value of high‐value protein additives like fishmeal and if the avoided costs for nutrient removal from the digestate are taken into consideration.

中文翻译:

评估通过厌氧消化通过微生物蛋白生产来回收利用的资源的升级潜力

厌氧消化池产生沼气,主要是CH 4和CO 2的混合物,通常被焚化以回收电能和/或热能。在循环经济的背景下,CH 4和CO 2可以与来自消化液的铵结合用作化学原料。它们与富含蛋白质的细菌结合用作动物饲料添加剂,可以促进全球对营养性蛋白质来源的需求不断增长,并改善当前农业饲料/食物链的整体氮效率。在此概念中,可再生的CH 4和H 2可以用作碳中和能源,用于生产富含蛋白质的细胞生物质,同时吸收和提纯消化液中回收的氨。这项研究评估了通过在农场生物反应器中使用甲烷营养和氢营养细菌进行厌氧消化和微生物蛋白质生产的耦合,以分散方式生产可持续高质量蛋白质添加剂的潜力。我们发现,处理液体猪粪的实用案例消化池(其中能量含量与共同底物一起补充了30%)可提供足够的沼气,以使随后的微生物蛋白作为饲料生产,约占猪总数的37%。粪便是衍生出来的。全面的,在目前市场上高质量蛋白质的市场价格范围内,由厌氧消化池释放的可用甲烷和氨在粪便上生产微生物蛋白质,在经济和技术上都是可行的。生产用于网格注入的生物甲烷并升级CO的案例2还研究了通过氢氧化细菌将氢电解为微生物蛋白的氢,但发现在当前可再生氢的生产价格上吸引力不大。我们的计算表明,只有当蛋白质价值等于鱼粉等高价值蛋白质添加剂的价值,并且考虑到避免从消化物中去除营养物的成本时,这种途径才具有商业意义。
更新日期:2020-06-11
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