Most of the organics detected on Mars so far are aliphatic and aromatic organo‐chlorine compounds. The smallest were first identified by the thermal treatment of the solid samples by Viking in 1976; although at the time, they were attributed to contamination. Since 2012, a larger variety of structures have been identified by the Sample Analysis at Mars experiment aboard the Curiosity rover. Evidence suggests that the chlorohydrocarbons formed during pyrolysis of sedimentary materials. Laboratory experiments show that heating of samples containing oxychlorines, such as chlorates (ClO₃⁻) and perchlorates (ClO₄⁻), along with organic matter present at Mars' surface is the logical source of these compounds. Nevertheless, this discovery of indigenous organic matter in the Mars regolith raises important questions: How do the oxychlorines influence the pyrolysis of organics? What are the organics precursors of the organo‐chlorinated molecules detected on Mars? Is there a way to identify the parent molecules in a sample after pyrolysis? This paper presents the results of systematic laboratory experiments of the products formed during the pyrolysis of organic compounds from three chemical families—polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, amino acids, and carboxylic acids—in presence of calcium perchlorates. Results show that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon parent molecules and most of the carboxylic acids are still detectable after pyrolysis in presence of calcium perchlorate and that the degradation and/or evolution of all parent molecules mostly depends on their chemical nature. In addition, we demonstrate that the chlorohydrocarbons detected on Mars by the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument could come from the three chemical families studied.

中文翻译：

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类似SAM的热解条件下高氯酸钙对有机物的影响：火星有机物性质的限制

到目前为止，在火星上检测到的大多数有机物都是脂族和芳族有机氯化合物。最小的是维京人于1976年通过对固体样品进行热处理而确定的。尽管在当时，它们被归因于污染。自2012年以来，“好奇号”火星车上的火星样品分析实验发现了更多种类的结构。有证据表明，在沉积物热解过程中形成了氯烃。实验室实验表明含有oxychlorines，如氯酸盐（CLO样品的加热₃ ^- ）和高氯酸盐（CLO ₄ ^-）以及火星表面存在的有机物是这些化合物的逻辑来源。然而，在火星长石中发现的原生有机质提出了重要的问题：氯气如何影响有机物的热解？在火星上检测到的有机氯化分子的有机物前体是什么？热解后是否有办法鉴定样品中的母体分子？本文介绍了在高氯酸钙存在下，来自三个化学族（多环芳烃，氨基酸和羧酸）的有机化合物热解过程中形成的产物的系统实验室实验的结果。结果表明，多环芳烃母体分子和大多数羧酸在高氯酸钙存在下热解后仍可检测到，所有母体分子的降解和/或演化主要取决于其化学性质。此外，我们证明了通过火星仪器样品分析在火星上检测到的氯代烃可能来自研究的三个化学族。