Multiple linear regression (MLR) modeling has been successfully used to predict how water chemistry variables influence the toxicity of cationic metals to aquatic organisms, but no MLR model exists for vanadium (V). Recent research has indicated that an increase in pH (from 6 to 9), or high concentrations of sodium (473 mg Na⁺/L), increase V toxicity to Daphnia pulex. In contrast, increases in alkalinity (>100 mg as CaCO₃) and sulfate (>100 mg SO₄^2–/L) reduce V toxicity. How these variables influence V toxicity to Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) was still unknown. Our results show that increasing pH from 6.2 to 8.9 tended to decrease the 96‐h median lethal concentration (LC50) for V toxicity to O. mykiss by 9.6 mg V/L. An alkalinity increase from 71 to 330 mg/L as CaCO₃ tended to increase the 96‐h LC50 by 3.3 mg V/L, whereas when SO₄²⁻ rose from 150 to 250 mg/L, the LC50 significantly increased by 0.3 mg V/L followed by a significant decrease of 1 mg V/L when SO₄²⁻ was >250 mg/L. Sodium (between 100 and 336 mg/L) showed no effect on V toxicity to O. mykiss. The toxicity patterns for O. mykiss were similar to those observed for D. pulex, except for that of SO₄²⁻, potentially indicating different mechanisms of V uptake or regulation in the 2 species. The LC50s and associated water chemistry were combined to develop an MLR model for O. mykiss and D. pulex. Alkalinity and pH modified V toxicity to both species, whereas SO₄²⁻ influenced V toxicity to D. pulex. Overall, MLR models should be considered for creating new local benchmarks or water quality guidelines for V. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1737–1745. © 2020 SETAC

中文翻译：

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多元线性回归模型可预测地表水化学对急性钒毒性的影响，以模拟淡水生物。

多元线性回归（MLR）建模已成功用于预测水化学变量如何影响阳离子金属对水生生物的毒性，但不存在钒（V）的MLR模型。最近的研究表明，pH值升高（从6到9）或高浓度的钠（473 mg Na ⁺ / L）会增加V对水蚤的毒性。相反，增加碱度（CaCO ₃含量> 100 mg ）和硫酸盐（> 100 mg SO ₄ ^2- / L > 100 mg ）可降低V毒性。这些变量如何影响V对Oncorhynchus mykiss的毒性（虹鳟鱼）仍然未知。我们的结果表明，将pH从6.2增加到8.9倾向于使V对mykiss的毒性中毒的96小时中值致死浓度（LC50）降低9.6 mg V / L。碱度从71增加到330 mg / L，因为CaCO ₃倾向于使96-h LC50增加3.3 mg V / L，而当SO ₄ ^2-从150增加到250 mg / L时，LC50显着增加0.3 mg V / L随后在SO ₄ ^2-大于250 mg / L时显着下降1 mg V / L。钠（介于100和336 mg / L之间）对V对mykiss的毒性没有影响。O. mykiss的毒性模式与D. pulex的相似除了SO ₄ ^2-以外，可能表明这2个物种中的V吸收或调节机制不同。结合LC50s和相关的水化学原理，开发了O. mykiss和D. pulex的MLR模型。碱度和pH值改变了对这两种物种的V毒性，而SO ₄ ^2-影响了对D. pulex的V毒性。总体而言，应考虑使用MLR模型为V. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39：1737-1745创建新的本地基准或水质准则。©2020 SETAC