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Water-use efficiency of alternative pig farming systems in Vietnam
Resources, Conservation and Recycling ( IF 13.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-10 , DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104926
Le Thi Thu Huong , Yoshifumi Takahashi , Hisako Nomura , Luu Van Duy , Cao Truong Son , Mitsuyasu Yabe

Livestock production in tropical countries consumes significant amounts of water for cooling and washing facilities and releases large amounts of wastewater to the environment, resulting in water scarcity and pollution. However, improving water-use efficiency (WUE) at the livestock farm level has received little attention in current research. This study measures the WUE of pig farms in Vietnam, a tropical Southeast Asian country. There, livestock production consists of three farming systems: industrial farms (IFs), semi-industrial farms (SIFs), and traditional farms (TFs). This study compares the WUE of these farming systems, suggests which of the systems is most sustainable, and proposes solutions to improve the WUE of each system. The results of surveying 247 pig farms and applying data envelopment analysis show that the free use of groundwater resources causes a low average WUE of 52%. IFs (closed pigpens) have the highest WUE, followed by TFs and SIFs (open pigpens). This finding confirms the sustainability of IFs over other types of farming. Furthermore, using Tobit models, we analyze the determinants of the WUE within each farming system. The results show that shortening the fattening phase and decreasing the floor space allowance per pig increase the WUE of TFs and SIFs. In addition, decreasing the depth of the puddles in pigpens and the frequency with which these puddles are drained improve the WUE of IFs. These results suggest a need to revise the design of pigpens in order to reduce water use related to washing and cooling.



中文翻译:

越南替代养猪系统的用水效率

热带国家的牲畜生产消耗大量的水用于冷却和洗涤设施,并将大量废水排放到环境中,导致水资源短缺和污染。但是,在当前的研究中,提高牲畜农场的用水效率(WUE)很少受到关注。这项研究测量了越南这个热带东南亚国家的养猪场的WUE。那里的牲畜生产由三种耕作系统组成:工业农场(IF),半工业农场(SIF)和传统农场(TF)。这项研究比较了这些耕作系统的WUE,提出了哪种系统最可持续,并提出了改善每个系统WUE的解决方案。对247个养猪场进行调查并应用数据包络分析的结果表明,免费使用地下水资源导致的平均WUE较低,为52%。IF(封闭式猪圈)的WUE最高,其次是TF和SIF(开放式猪圈)。这一发现证实了IFs相对于其他类型农业的可持续性。此外,使用Tobit模型,我们分析了每个耕作系统中WUE的决定因素。结果表明,缩短育肥阶段并降低每头猪的地面允许量会增加TF和SIF的WUE。此外,减少猪圈中水坑的深度和减少这些水坑的排放频率可改善中频的WUE。这些结果表明需要修改猪舍的设计,以减少与洗涤和冷却有关的用水。IF(封闭式猪圈)的WUE最高,其次是TF和SIF(开放式猪圈)。这一发现证实了IFs相对于其他类型农业的可持续性。此外,使用Tobit模型,我们分析了每个耕作系统中WUE的决定因素。结果表明,缩短育肥阶段并降低每头猪的地面允许量会增加TF和SIF的WUE。此外,减少猪圈中水坑的深度和减少这些水坑的排放频率可改善中频的WUE。这些结果表明需要修改猪舍的设计,以减少与洗涤和冷却有关的用水。IF(封闭式猪圈)的WUE最高,其次是TF和SIF(开放式猪圈)。这一发现证实了IFs比其他类型的农业更具可持续性。此外,使用Tobit模型,我们分析了每个耕作系统中WUE的决定因素。结果表明,缩短育肥阶段并降低每头猪的地面允许量会增加TF和SIF的WUE。此外,减少猪圈中水坑的深度和减少这些水坑的排放频率可改善中频的WUE。这些结果表明需要修改猪舍的设计,以减少与洗涤和冷却有关的用水。我们分析了每个农业系统中WUE的决定因素。结果表明,缩短育肥阶段并降低每头猪的地面允许量会增加TF和SIF的WUE。此外,减少猪圈中水坑的深度和减少这些水坑的排放频率可改善中频的WUE。这些结果表明需要修改猪舍的设计,以减少与洗涤和冷却有关的用水。我们分析了每个农业系统中WUE的决定因素。结果表明,缩短育肥阶段并降低每头猪的地面允许量会增加TF和SIF的WUE。此外,减少猪圈中水坑的深度和减少这些水坑的排放频率可改善中频的WUE。这些结果表明需要修改猪舍的设计,以减少与洗涤和冷却有关的用水。

更新日期:2020-06-10
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