Biomass resources have been considered as one of the most promising renewable feedstocks to replace fossil resources. However, valorization of biomass is still challenging due to concerns about environmental sustainability and low efficiency of conversion processes. Mechanical ball milling technology, which has emerged as an efficient and environmentally sound alternative to traditional method, can overcome this obstacle to facilitate biomass valorization. Mechanical energy in the ball milling process can induce chemical reactions of biomass in solvent-less/-free conditions. This work reviews the latest advances in the mechanochemical conversion of biomass into chemicals and carbon materials. The initial pretreatment of biomass, catalytic transformation process of biomass, and synthesis of biomass-derived carbon materials (ordered mesoporous carbons, hierarchically porous carbons, carbon/metal composites, etc.) are discussed in detail. Mechanisms, development history, key influencing factors, and technology readiness level of ball milling on biomass valorization are also elucidated. Limitations and opportunities associated with this green technology are highlighted for future research directions.

生物质资源被认为是替代化石资源的最有希望的可再生原料之一。然而，由于对环境可持续性和转化过程效率低的担忧，生物质的增值仍然具有挑战性。机械球磨技术已成为传统方法的一种有效且对环境无害的替代方法，它可以克服这一障碍，从而促进生物质的估价。球磨过程中的机械能可以在无溶剂/无溶剂的条件下诱导生物质的化学反应。这项工作回顾了将生物质机械化学转化为化学物质和碳材料的最新进展。生物质的初始预处理，生物质的催化转化过程，详细讨论了生物质衍生的碳材料（有序介孔碳，分级多孔碳，碳/金属复合材料等）的合成和合成。还阐明了球磨机对生物质增值的机理，发展历史，关键影响因素和技术准备水平。强调了与这种绿色技术相关的局限性和机遇，以供将来研究之用。