Abstract NiO porous nanosheets were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal reaction and subsequent calcination in air. Oxygen vacancies were generated by reducing treatment under H2/Ar atmosphere at an elevated temperature. The phase composition, morphology, microstructure and chemical composition of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). When used as the anode materials for lithium ion batteries, the optimized NiO electrode possessed a reversible capacity of 678.8 mAh g−1 after 30 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g−1, while the reversible capacity of the untreated electrode was only 82.5 mAh g−1. At a higher current density of 1.0 A g−1, the reversible capacity was 152.2 mAh g−1, which is 15 times larger than that of the pristine NiO electrode. The synergistic effects of optimized oxygen vacancies and porous sheet-like morphology are responsible for the enhanced lithium storage properties.

中文翻译：

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优化氧空位可以提高 NiO 多孔纳米片负极的锂存储性能

摘要 NiO 多孔纳米片是通过简单的水热反应和随后在空气中煅烧合成的。氧空位是通过在升高的温度下在 H2/Ar 气氛下进行还原处理而产生的。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对样品的相组成、形貌、微观结构和化学成分进行了研究。当用作锂离子电池负极材料时，优化后的 NiO 电极在 0.1 A g-1 的电流密度下循环 30 次后的可逆容量为 678.8 mAh g-1，而未经处理的电极的可逆容量仅为 82.5毫安 g−1。在 1.0 A g-1 的较高电流密度下，可逆容量为 152.2 mAh g-1，比原始 NiO 电极大 15 倍。优化的氧空位和多孔片状形态的协同效应是提高锂存储性能的原因。