The mammary gland is a highly dynamic tissue that undergoes repeated cycles of growth and involution during pregnancy and menstruation. It is also the site from which breast cancers emerge. Organoids provide an in vitro model that preserves several of the cellular, structural, and microenvironmental features that dictate mammary gland function in vivo and have greatly advanced our understanding of glandular biology. Their tractability for genetic manipulation, live imaging, and high throughput screening have facilitated investigation into the mechanisms of glandular morphogenesis, structural maintenance, tumor progression, and invasion. Opportunities remain to enhance cellular and structural complexity of mammary organoid models, including incorporating additional cell types and hormone signaling.

乳腺是一种高度动态的组织，在怀孕和月经期间经历反复的生长和退化周期。它也是乳腺癌出现的部位。类器官提供了一种体外模型，该模型保留了决定体内乳腺功能的多种细胞、结构和微环境特征并极大地促进了我们对腺体生物学的理解。它们对基因操作、实时成像和高通量筛选的易处理性促进了对腺体形态发生、结构维持、肿瘤进展和侵袭机制的研究。仍有机会增强乳腺类器官模型的细胞和结构复杂性，包括加入其他细胞类型和激素信号。