Abstract Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetrancyhidae) is one of the most economically important pests among spider mites, due to the number of hosts that it harms in agricultural fields and greenhouses, and to its remarkable ability to develop resistance to chemicals applied in a short time. Pyrethroids are among the most widely used insecticides to control this pest. In this study, the biochemical mechanisms and inheritance mode of lambda cyhalothrin and bifenthrin resistance in T. urticae were investigated. A greenhouse population (BEYDOM) of T. urticae was selected for eight cycles in the laboratory with lambda cyhalothrin and bifenthrin by a spray tower-Petri dish method using the LC90 of a standard susceptible population (GSS). After eight selection cycles, the BEYDOM population was found 18.24-fold resistant to lambda cyhalothrin and 74.23-fold resistant to bifenthrin compared with the GSS based on LC50 values. Reciprocal and backcross studies revealed that the inheritance of lambda cyhalothrin resistance was sex-linked, incompletely dominant, and was probably under the control of more than one gene at lower doses and a single gene at higher doses, while inheritance to bifenthrin resistance was autosomal and incompletely recessive and may be controlled by one gene. Biochemical and synergism experiments suggested that monooxygenases and carboxylesterase enzymes play an essential role in the resistance to these pyrethroids, whereas glutathione S-transferases were not found to have a significant effect. These results provide valuable information in terms of designing an effective resistance management strategy to retard or avoid the development of resistant T. urticae populations.

中文翻译：

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实验室选择的二斑叶螨 Tetranychus urticae 中 λ-三氯氟氰菊酯和联苯菊酯抗性的遗传方式和生化机制

摘要 Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetrancyhidae) 是叶螨中经济上最重要的害虫之一，因为它在农田和温室中危害的寄主数量众多，并且对应用于农业的化学品产生抗性的能力显着。很短的时间。拟除虫菊酯是控制这种害虫的最广泛使用的杀虫剂之一。本研究探讨了荨麻疹对高效氯氟氰菊酯和联苯菊酯抗性的生化机制和遗传模式。使用标准易感种群 (GSS) 的 LC90，通过喷雾塔-培养皿方法，在实验室中使用 λ 三氯氟氰菊酯和联苯菊酯选择温室种群 (BEYDOM) 进行八次循环。经过 8 个选择周期后，发现 BEYDOM 种群对 λ 三氯氟氰菊酯的抗性提高了 18.24 倍，对 74 倍。根据 LC50 值，与 GSS 相比，对联苯菊酯的抗性提高 23 倍。互惠和回交研究表明，λ 三氯氟氰菊酯抗性的遗传是性别连锁的，不完全显性，并且可能在较低剂量时受多个基因和较高剂量时的单一基因控制，而对联苯菊酯抗性的遗传是常染色体和不完全隐性，可能由一个基因控制。生化和协同实验表明，单加氧酶和羧酸酯酶在对这些拟除虫菊酯的抗性中起重要作用，而谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶未发现具有显着影响。这些结果为设计有效的抗性管理策略以延缓或避免抗性荨麻疹种群的发展提供了有价值的信息。