The transition from a linear economy to a circular economy is a significant component of economic, environmental and social sustainability. Underground metro infrastructures such as tunnels can play a vital role in a circular economy, resulting in greater sustainability and less contribution to climate change. This paper presents numerical models of small-scale brick-lined railway tunnels to identify the critical locations, and then proposes corresponding circular approaches and solutions for the design, maintenance, life extension and end-of-service-life (EoSL) stages of underground infrastructures. The proposed numerical model is firstly verified with respect to the relevant experimental model based on tests under various loading conditions. The results demonstrate that detailed failure processes can be realistically captured by the numerical model, while the macroscopic behaviour compares well with experimental observations. Numerical modelling and subsequent prediction stand out as a practical approach and a powerful performance-based tool for analysing the reuse/recycling potential of metro tunnels and then carrying out easy repair and design for adaptability, disassembly and recoverability of underground infrastructures for a circular economy.

中文翻译：

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地下结构资源优化与恢复的数值预测及相应的循环经济方法

从线性经济到循环经济的转变是经济，环境和社会可持续性的重要组成部分。地下地铁等地下基础设施可以在循环经济中发挥至关重要的作用，从而提高可持续性，减少对气候变化的影响。本文提出了小型砖砌衬砌铁路隧道的数值模型，以识别关键位置，然后提出了地下设计，维护，寿命延长和使用寿命终止（EoSL）阶段的相应圆形方法和解决方案。基础设施。首先基于各种载荷条件下的测试，相对于相关的实验模型验证了所提出的数值模型。结果表明，通过数值模型可以真实地捕获详细的故障过程，而宏观行为与实验观察结果具有很好的对比。数值建模和后续预测是一种实用的方法，是一种功能强大的基于性能的工具，可用于分析地铁隧道的重用/回收潜力，然后针对循环经济对地下基础设施的适应性，可拆卸性和可恢复性进行轻松的维修和设计。