Transit-oriented development (TOD) links residential, retail, commercial, and community service developments to frequent, accessible rail transit services to stimulate sustainable development in the form of decreased land use and transport integration. A mixed-use shopping mall can be developed as a TOD with moderate to high density with diverse land use patterns and well-connected street networks centred around and integrated with a rail transit station. Shopping mall developments are now considered as the retail, social, and community centres of their communities. Therefore, understanding their services’ mixed impact on nearby transit stations will provide further insight into the success of the TOD approach. As a result, this study aims to review and link the recent literature on attractiveness factors of shopping malls and the design factors of TOD and report the researchers’ analytic observations (themes) clarifying transit-oriented shopping mall developments’ (TOSMDs) attractiveness factors. The review systematically synthesises 208 guiding articles. It uses the elements of the extended service marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion, people, physical evidence, and process) and the five factors related to TODs (density, diversity, urban design, destination accessibility, and distance) as an indicator system for the factors determining the attractiveness of TOSMD. The review outcome is utilised to establish a conceptual framework for the attractiveness of rail TOSMDs. The study revealed fragmented causes of attractiveness factors of rail TOSMDs. It contributes to further understanding of TOD as it cross-reviews retail and urban design literature findings. The resultant conceptual framework will also inform and potentially enhance the existing rail transit station passenger forecasting models and increase the economic sustainability of rail transit networks.

中文翻译：

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建立一个概念框架，以理解面向轨道交通的购物中心开发项目（TOSMD）的吸引力

面向公交的开发（TOD）将住宅，零售，商业和社区服务开发与频繁，便捷的铁路运输服务联系在一起，以减少土地使用和交通一体化的形式刺激可持续发展。可以将混合用途购物中心开发为中等密度至高密度的TOD，具有多种土地利用模式以及以铁路运输站为中心并与铁路运输站集成在一起的连接良好的街道网络。如今，购物中心的发展被视为其社区的零售，社交和社区中心。因此，了解它们的服务对附近公交站点的混合影响将为TOD方法的成功提供进一步的见解。结果是，这项研究旨在回顾和链接有关购物中心吸引力因素和TOD设计因素的最新文献，并报告研究人员的分析观察结果（主题），以阐明公交导向型购物中心发展（TOSMDs）吸引力因素。该综述系统地综合了208篇指导性文章。它使用扩展服务营销组合的要素（产品，价格，地点，促销，人员，实物证据和流程）以及与TOD相关的五个因素（密度，多样性，城市设计，目的地可及性和距离）作为要素。决定TOSMD吸引力的因素的指标体系。审查结果用于建立铁路TOSMD吸引力的概念框架。该研究揭示了铁路TOSMD吸引力因素的零散原因。它在交叉审阅零售和城市设计文献发现时，有助于进一步理解TOD。由此产生的概念框架还将为并有可能增强现有的轨道交通车站乘客预测模型，并提高轨道交通网络的经济可持续性。