Electrochemical water splitting driven by renewable energy-derived electricity is considered as the most promising pathway for delivering clean and sustainable hydrogen production. The key to achieving an efficient water splitting process is developing highly active electrocatalysts. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials hold great promise in the electrocatalysis field due to their unique physicochemical properties. Some of them are not active enough because of the poor intrinsic activity, low density of active sites or low electrical conductivity. Some are inert for electrocatalytic reactions, but are able to work as the functional substrates for hybrid electrocatalysts. Thus, tremendous strategies have been developed to modulate the physicochemical and electronic properties of 2D nanomaterial-based electrocatalysts, and to make full use of the functionalities of functional 2D nanomaterial substrates to achieve fast catalytic reaction kinetics. In this review, the recent progress on the well-established design strategies for the 2D nanomaterials-based electrocatalysts is highlighted. The perspectives on the current challenges and future development of 2D electrocatalysts are addressed.

中文翻译：

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工程二维纳米材料基电催化剂对析氢反应的策略

由可再生能源衍生的电力驱动的电化学水分解被认为是实现清洁和可持续制氢的最有希望的途径。实现有效的水分解工艺的关键是开发高活性的电催化剂。二维（2D）纳米材料由于其独特的物理化学性质，在电催化领域具有广阔的前景。由于固有活性差，活性位点密度低或电导率低，其中一些活性不足。一些对电催化反应是惰性的，但能够用作混合电催化剂的功能性底物。因此，已开发出巨大的策略来调节2D纳米材料基电催化剂的物理化学和电子性质，并充分利用功能性2D纳米材料基质的功能来实现快速的催化反应动力学。在这篇综述中，着重介绍了基于二维纳米材料的电催化剂的既定设计策略的最新进展。讨论了有关2D电催化剂当前挑战和未来发展的观点。