Hydraulic fracturing has been around for several decades since 1860s. It is one of the methods used to recover unconventional gas reservoirs. Hydraulic fracturing design is a challenging task due to the reservoir heterogeneity, complicated geological setting and in situ stress field. Hence, there are plenty of fracture modelling available to simulate the fracture initiation and propagation. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review on hydraulic fracturing modelling based on current hydraulic fracturing literature. Fundamental theory of hydraulic fracturing modelling is elaborated. Effort is made to cover the analytical and numerical modelling, while focusing on eXtended Finite Element Modelling (XFEM).

自1860年代以来，水力压裂已经存在了几十年。它是用于恢复非常规气藏的方法之一。由于储层非均质性，复杂的地质环境和现场应力场，水力压裂设计是一项艰巨的任务。因此，有大量的裂缝建模可用来模拟裂缝的开始和扩展。本文的目的是根据现有的水力压裂文献对水力压裂模型进行综述。阐述了水力压裂建模的基本理论。力求涵盖分析和数值建模，同时专注于扩展有限元建模（XFEM）。