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Various phases in surface movements linked to deep coal longwall mining: from start-up till the period after closure
International Journal of Coal Science & Technology Pub Date : 2020-05-09 , DOI: 10.1007/s40789-020-00325-0
André Vervoort

This paper covers the entire lifetime of an underground coal mine, including the start-up of the mining operations and the period after the closure and sealing of the underground workings. Measurements of the vertical surface movement are presented for three neighbouring mines in the Belgian Campine coal basin, where the longwall mining method was applied. First, the monitoring of the initial phase showed that the impact of the first panel was smaller than the impacts of the following two neighbouring panels. When the second panel was mined, a change in the induced surface tilt was observed in the immediate proximity of the panels. Second, data for a transect with a length of about 2.5 km were presented, covering a total time of 54 years, of which the first 31 years were during the active life of the mine. Average subsidence rates of up to − 0.3 m/year were observed. After the mine was closed and the pumping facilities were stopped, the average uplift rate was situated mostly between 4 and 16 mm/year, but a value of 141 mm/year also was measured. Thirty years after closure, the upward movements are still occurring. Third, the phase of uplift is analyzed in more detail over a full north–south transect. A clear narrow maximum was observed for the uplift, corresponding to a total vertical movement of 0.2 m over approximately an 18-year period. All these phases are relevant, for example when analysing damage to buildings and infrastructure. Damage becomes visible when the cumulative movement and loading exceed critical limits and not necessarily when the largest rate of movement is observed, for example.



中文翻译:

与深部长壁煤层开采相关的地表运动的各个阶段:从启动到关闭后的一段时间

本文涵盖了地下煤矿的整个寿命,包括采矿作业的开始以及地下作业的关闭和密封之后的时间。提出了比利时坎皮恩煤盆地三个相邻矿场(采用长壁开采方法)的垂直地面运动的测量结果。首先,对初始阶段的监视显示,第一个面板的影响小于随后两个相邻面板的影响。开采第二块面板时,在紧邻面板的位置观察到了感应表面倾斜的变化。其次,给出了一个长约2.5 km的样面数据,涵盖了54年的总时间,其中前31年是在矿山的活动寿命中。平均沉降率高达− 0。观察到3 m /年。在关闭矿井并停止抽水设施后,平均提升速率主要位于4至16毫米/年之间,但也测得值为141毫米/年。封闭三十年后,向上运动仍在发生。第三,在整个南北横断面中对隆起阶段进行了更详细的分析。在隆起过程中观察到明显的狭窄最大值,相当于在大约18年的时间里,垂直运动总量为0.2 m。所有这些阶段都是相关的,例如在分析建筑物和基础设施的损坏时。例如,当累积运动和载荷超过临界极限时,损坏变得可见,而在观察到最大运动速率时,则不一定可见。平均上升速率主要在4至16毫米/年之间,但也测得值为141毫米/年。封闭三十年后,向上运动仍在发生。第三,在整个南北横断面中对隆起阶段进行了更详细的分析。在隆起过程中观察到明显的狭窄最大值,相当于在大约18年的时间里,垂直运动总和为0.2 m。所有这些阶段都是相关的,例如在分析建筑物和基础设施的损坏时。例如,当累积运动和载荷超过临界极限时,损坏变得可见,而在观察到最大运动速率时,则不一定可见。平均上升速率主要在4至16毫米/年之间,但也测得值为141毫米/年。封闭三十年后,向上运动仍在发生。第三,在整个南北横断面中对隆起阶段进行了更详细的分析。在隆起过程中观察到明显的狭窄最大值,相当于在大约18年的时间里,垂直运动总和为0.2 m。所有这些阶段都是相关的,例如在分析建筑物和基础设施的损坏时。例如,当累积运动和载荷超过临界极限时,损坏变得可见,而在观察到最大运动速率时,则不一定可见。向上运动仍在发生。第三,在整个南北横断面中对隆起阶段进行了更详细的分析。在隆起过程中观察到明显的狭窄最大值,相当于在大约18年的时间里,垂直运动总和为0.2 m。所有这些阶段都是相关的,例如在分析建筑物和基础设施的损坏时。例如,当累积运动和载荷超过临界极限时,损坏变得可见,而在观察到最大运动速率时,则不一定可见。向上运动仍在发生。第三,在整个南北剖面上对隆升阶段进行了更详细的分析。在隆起过程中观察到明显的狭窄最大值,相当于在大约18年的时间里,垂直运动总和为0.2 m。所有这些阶段都是相关的,例如在分析建筑物和基础设施的损坏时。例如,当累积运动和载荷超过临界极限时,损坏变得可见,而在观察到最大运动速率时,则不一定可见。例如在分析建筑物和基础设施的损坏时。例如,当累积运动和载荷超过临界极限时,损坏变得可见,而在观察到最大运动速率时,则不一定可见。例如在分析建筑物和基础设施的损坏时。例如,当累积运动和载荷超过临界极限时,损坏变得可见,而在观察到最大运动速率时,则不一定可见。

更新日期:2020-05-09
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