More knowledge of community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in ecosystems in relation to habitat type and land use intensity is needed. We studied AMF in 106 soil samples from pristine natural forests and a gradient of disturbance including semi-natural and intensively managed pastures of Terceira, Azores. Altogether, 42 spore morphotypes were detected from eight AMF families, revealing different fungal community structures among the three land use types. Spore density was highest in native forests and lowest in intensively managed pastures, but fungal richness was highest in semi-natural pastures and lowest in native forests. No significant difference occurred between intensively managed pastures and native forests. Members of Acaulosporaceae and Glomeraceae were dominant in native forests, while fungi from Gigasporaceae and Claroideoglomeraceae were most abundant in semi-natural and intensively managed pastures respectively, indicating family-based ecological preferences. Rarefaction analysis revealed that pastures supported more diverse AMF communities than native forests, because in high elevation pristine forests, a few rare species dominate. It is therefore likely that more species would be found with increasing survey effort. Further research is needed to clarify the influence of land use type on AMF diversity and distribution in remote islands, and the role of native AMF on soil ecosystem processes and the spread of exotic plants.

中文翻译：

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特塞拉岛（亚速尔群岛）沿土地利用梯度的丛枝菌根真菌的多样性和分布

需要更多有关生境类型和土地利用强度的生态系统中丛枝菌根（AM）真菌组成的知识。我们研究了来自原始天然森林的106种土壤样品中的AMF，并研究了包括亚速尔群岛Terceira的半天然和集约化管理的牧场在内的扰动梯度。从八个AMF家族中共检测到42个孢子形态，揭示了三种土地利用类型中不同的真菌群落结构。孢子密度在原生森林中最高，在集约化管理的牧场中最低，但真菌丰富度在半天然牧场中最高，而在原始森林中最低。在集约化管理的牧场和原生林之间没有显着差异。Ac科和and科的成员在原生森林中占主导地位，半自然草和集约化管理的牧草中长臂猿科和兜兰科的真菌最丰富，这表明他们偏爱基于家庭的生态。Rarefaction分析表明，与高海拔原始森林相比，牧场支持的AMF群落比原生森林更为多样化，因为少数稀有物种占主导地位。因此，随着调查工作的增加，可能会发现更多物种。需要进一步研究以阐明土地利用类型对偏远岛屿AMF多样性和分布的影响，以及原生AMF对土壤生态系统过程和外来植物传播的作用。Rarefaction分析表明，与高海拔原始森林相比，牧场支持的AMF群落比原生森林更为多样化，因为少数稀有物种占主导地位。因此，随着调查工作的增加，可能会发现更多物种。需要进一步研究以阐明土地利用类型对偏远岛屿AMF多样性和分布的影响，以及原生AMF对土壤生态系统过程和外来植物的传播的作用。Rarefaction分析表明，与高海拔原始森林相比，牧场支持的AMF群落比原生森林更为多样化，因为少数稀有物种占主导地位。因此，随着调查工作的增加，可能会发现更多物种。需要进一步研究以阐明土地利用类型对偏远岛屿AMF多样性和分布的影响，以及原生AMF对土壤生态系统过程和外来植物的传播的作用。