Exposure and Health ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s12403-020-00364-7 Sarva Mangala Praveena , Maizatul Zahirah Mohd Rashid , Fauzan Adzima Mohd Nasir , Sze Yee Wee , Ahmad Zaharin Aris
Pharmaceutical residue pollution remains as an underexplored issue, especially in Asian countries. Along with that line, the purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of pharmaceutical residues in tap water and its associated potential health risks, involving a total of 80 Putrajaya residents. Besides, this study also aimed to evaluate public awareness (knowledge, attitude, and practice) levels with regards to pharmaceutical handling. The highest pharmaceutical residue occurrence was caffeine (0.38 ng/L) while the lowest was diclofenac (0.14 ng/L). These pharmaceutical residue occurrences in tap water were linked with rapid urbanization and industrialization in river water, poor removal efficiencies in wastewater and drinking water treatment plants as well as improper pharmaceutical waste handling and disposal from the general public. The potential health risks (RQT) indicated residents in Putrajaya with ages between 61 and 75 were exposed to the highest health risks caused by the pharmaceutical residues in tap water. In general, low public awareness (knowledge, attitude, and practice) levels were identified with only 44.5% of Putrajaya population having good knowledge, 27.5% having good attitude and 1.6% having good practice related to pharmaceutical handling and its effect to tap water quality. Findings of this study reflected the importance of public awareness program to educate the general public on proper unused/expired handling and disposal to minimize pharmaceutical pollution.
中文翻译:
马来西亚布城的自来水中药物的发生率,人类健康风险和公众意识水平
药物残留物污染仍然是一个未开发的问题,尤其是在亚洲国家。沿着这条线,这项研究的目的是调查自来水中残留的药物及其相关的潜在健康风险,涉及总共80名布城居民。此外,本研究还旨在评估公众对药物处理的认识(知识,态度和实践)水平。发生的最高药物残留是咖啡因(0.38 ng / L),而最低的是双氯芬酸(0.14 ng / L)。这些自来水中残留的药物残留与快速的城市化和河水中的工业化,废水和饮用水处理厂的去除效率差以及来自公众的不当药物废物处理和处置有关。T)表示布城(Putrajaya)年龄在61至75岁之间的居民面临着自来水中药物残留造成的最高健康风险。一般而言,人们发现公众意识(知识,态度和实践)水平低,布特拉再也人口中只有44.5%的人具有良好的知识,27.5%的人具有良好的态度,1.6%的人具有与药物处理及其对自来水水质的影响有关的良好实践。这项研究的结果反映了公众意识计划的重要性,该计划对公众进行正确的未使用/过期处理和处置教育,以最大程度地减少药品污染。